MTMTBIOLOGY TODAYBIOLOGY TODAY || march ‘16march ‘16 393923.(A) (i) inbreeding (ii) outbreeding
(iii) closely related (iv) 4-6
(v) same (vi) pairs
(vii) evaluated (viii) further mating
(ix) more milk (x) superior
(B) Outcrossing is the practice of mating animals in different
same breeds having common no common ancestors
up to 2-3 4-6 generations. Offsprings of such mating are
known as cross breeds out-cross. It is the best breeding
method for animals high low in productivity. a single
cross often helps to overcome breeding inbreeding
depression.
- (a) 25. (c) 26. (c) 27. (b) 28. (d)
- (a) 1– FSh, 2 – Super ovulation due to induced follicular
maturation, 3-transfer to surrogate mother.
(b) high milk giving breeds of females and high quality
meat (lean meat with less lipid) giving bulls have
been breed successfully to obtain better breed in a
short time by mOET. - (a) a - cellulase and pectinase
B - Protoplast
c - cell fusion
D - Nuclear fusion
E - Somatic hybrids
(b) The given figure describes the process of somatic
hybridisation. Pomato is somatic hybrid between
potato and tomato that belong to two different
genera and bomato is somatic hybrid between brinjal
and tomato. Somatic hybrids are also produced
between rice and carrot. The hybrid plant bears both
fruits and root tubers of the two parents.
CHAPTER-10 : MICRoBEs In HuMAn wElFARE
- (c) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c)
- (b) 7. (d) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (c)
- False : Vinegar is obtained from molasses with the help
of Acetobacter aceti. - True
- False : Zymase converts glucose into alcohol.
- True
- False. Biogas generation is a three-stage anaerobic
digestion of animals and other organic wastes. - True 17. True 18. True 19. True
- False. Lipases are lipid dissolving enzymes obtained from
Candida lipolytica and Geotrichum candidum. - a-(iv), B-(v), c-(i), D-(iii), E-(ii)
22. a-(ii, vi), B-(iv, viii), c-(iii,vii), D-(ix, x), E-(i, v)
23.(A) (i) yeast (ii) whisky
(iii) brandy (iv) rum
(v) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(vi) ethanol (vii) without distillation
(viii) brandy (ix) distillation
(x) fermented
(B) cyclosporin a is an eleven membered cyclic oligopeptide
obtained through distillation fermentative activity of
fungus Candida lipolytica Trichoderma polysporum. It
is antifungal, having inflammatory anti-inflammatory
properties. It inhibits activation of B-cells T-cells and
helps in prevention of rejection reactions in organ
transplantation.
Statins are produced by activity of yeast Saccharomyces
cerevisiae Monascus purpureus. It facilitates inhibits
cholesterol synthesis and therefore, is used for increasing
lowering blood cholesterol.
24. (c) 25. (d) 26. (a) 27. (b) 28. (a)
29. (a) a - Lactic acid; B - Vitamin B 12
(b) Indian curd is prepared by inoculating skimmed
and cream milk with Lactobacillus acidophilus at
a temperature of about 40°c or less. Lactic acid
bacteria (LaB) like Lactobacillus are added to milk. It
converts lactose sugar of milk into lactic acid. Lactic
acid causes coagulation and partial digestion of milk
protein casein and milk is then converted into curd,
yoghurt or cheese using different processes.
30. (a) a - mechanical agitation
B - reduced BOD
c - activated sludge
D - anaerobic sludge digester
(b) ’c’ refers to activated sludge. It is the sediment
in settling tank. a part of it is used as inoculum
in aeration tanks. The remaining is passed into a
large tank called anaerobic sludge digesters. They
are designed for continuous operation. The aerobic
microbes present in the sludge get killed. anaerobic
microbes digest the organic mass as well as aerobic
microbes (bacteria and fungi) of the sludge. They are
of two types, nonmethanogenic and methanogenic.
methanogenic bacteria produce marsh gas which is a
mixture of gases containing methane, h 2 S and cO 2.
The mixture also called biogas is inflammable and is
a source of energy.