Human Reproduction-I
Analysis of various PMTs from 2011-201520112012201320142015AIPMT/NEET56334AIIMS2113AMU111Kerala1232K.CET22433J & K1316• reproductive system is a collection of internal and external organs in both males
and females) that work together for purpose of producing a new generation of
living organisms similar to their parents.
• reproduction ensures survival of species and transmission of genetic information
from one generation to next.
• human beings reproduce sexually and are viviparous i.e., they give birth to young
ones.
• reproductive units are specialised cells called gametes, which are of two types: male
gametes (spermatozoa) and female gametes (ova). These sex cells or gametes
are formed in separate, paired organs of mesodermal origin, called gonads.• The gonads that produce male gametes or sperms are called testes, while those
producing female gametes or ova are termed as ovaries.
• reproductive system of both the sex consist of organs which can be distinguished
into primary and secondary sex organs.
• Organs which produce gametes or sex hormones are called primary sex organs.
E.g. testes in males and ovaries in females.
• Organs which neither produce gametes nor secrete sex hormones but perform
important functions in reproduction are termed as secondary sex organs. E.g.
epididymis, vasa deferentia, penis, etc. in males and oviducts, uterus, etc. in
females.
• Secondary sex characters are external features which provide distinctiveness to
the two sexes. They have no direct role in sexual reproduction.
• The phenomenon when male and female individuals are differentiated externally
is called sexual dimorphism.
• major secondary sex characters of human males are facial hair, body hair, more
height, more muscles, broadening of shoulders, low pitched voice, narrow but
strong pelvis, etc.
Class XII