biases based on sex, race, and age. Healthcare provider education about factors
other than the clinical conditions that influence treatment decisions will help ensure
appropriate evidence-based treatment approaches.
References
Coghill, R. C., McHaffie, J. G., & Yen, Y. F. (2003). Neural correlates of interindividual
differences in the subjective experience of pain.Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences USA, 100, 8538–8542.
Flor, H., Fydrich, T., & Turk, D. C. (1992). Efficacy of multidisciplinary pain treatment centers: A
meta-analytic review.Pain, 49, 221–230.
Gracely, R. H., McGrath, P. A., & Dubner, R. (1978). Validity and sensitivity of ratio scales of
sensory and affective verbal pain descriptors; manipulation of affect by diazepam.Pain, 2,5–
18.
Heft, M. W., Gracely, R., Dubner, R., & McGrath, P. A. (1980). Validation model for verbal
descriptor scaling of human clinical pain.Pain, 9, 363–373.
Heft, M. W., Gracely, R., & Dubner, R. (1984). Nitrous oxide analgesia: A psychophysical
evaluation using verbal descriptor scaling.Journal of Dental Research, 63, 129–132.
Heft, M. W., & Parker, S. R. (1984). An experimental basis for revising the graphic rating scale for
pain.Pain, 19, 153–161.
Heft, M. W., Perelmuter, S. H., Cooper, B. Y., Magnusson, N. I., & Clark, W. B. (1991).
Relationship between gingival inflammation and painfulness of periodontal probing.Journal of
Clinical Periodontology, 18, 213–215.
Hirsh, A. T., Alqudah, A. F., Stutts, L. A., & Robinson, M. E. (2008). Virtual human technology:
Capturing sex, race, and age influences in individual pain decision policies.Pain, 140, 231–
238.
Hoffman, B. M., Papas, R. K., Chatkoff, D. K., & Kerns, R. D. (2007). Meta-analysis of
psychological interventions for chronic low back pain.Health Psychology, 26,1–9.
Melzack, R., & Torgerson, W. (1971). On the language of pain.Anesthesiology, 34,50–59.
Price, D. D., Frenk, H., Mao, J., & Mayer, D. J. (1994). TheN-methyl-D-aspartate receptor
antagonist dextromethorphan selectively reduces temporal summation of second pain in man.
Pain, 59, 165–174.
Price, D. D., Hu, J., Dubner, R., & Gracely, R. (1977). Peripheral suppression offirst pain and
central summation of second pain evoked by noxious heat pulses.Pain, 3,57–68.
Price, D. D., Long, S., & Huitt, C. (1992). Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms of reflex
sympathetic dystrophy by psychophysical testing.Pain, 49, 163–173.
Price, D. D., McGrath, P. A., Rafii, A., & Buckingham, B. (1983). The validation of visual
analogue scales as ratio scale measures for chronic and experimental pain.Pain, 17,45–56.
Price, D. D., Staud, R., Robinson, M. E., Mauderli, A. P., Cannon, R., & Vierck, C. J. (2002).
Enhanced temporal summation of second pain and its central modulation infibromyalgia
patients.Pain, 99,49–59.
Robinson, M. E., Staud, R., & Price, D. D. (2013). Pain measurement and brain activity: Will
neuroimages replace pain ratings?Journal of Pain, 4, 323–327.
Rosier, E. M., Iadarola, M. J., & Coghill, R. C. (2002). Reproducibility of pain measurement and
pain perception.Pain, 98, 205–216.
Staud, R. (2005). Predictors of clinical pain intensity in patients withfibromyalgia syndrome.
Current Pain and Headache Reports, 9, 316–321.
Staud, R., Vierck, C. J., Cannon, R. L., Mauderli, A. P., & Price, D. D. (2001). Abnormal
sensitization and temporal summation of second pain (wind up) in patients withfibromyalgia
syndrome.Pain, 91, 165–176.
114 M.W. Heft and M.E. Robinson