Basal metabolic rate (BMR), 69 , 181 , 197 , 205 ,
207
Bayley scales of motor and mental
development, 59
Beige adipose tissue, 215
Bergmann’s rule, 197
Beta amyloid, 287
11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2
(11βHSD2), 15
Beverages, 172
Bile, 186 , 212 , 218
Biological embedding, 6 , 13
Biomarkers, 3
Biopsies, 186
Bipedalism, 162 – 164
Birth, 15 , 35 , 48 , 117
interval, 2 , 258
mother’s age atfirst birth, 258
size, 6 , 16 – 17 , 19 , 20 , 36 , 52
Bisphenol-A (BPA), 14 , 196
Black box, 311 – 322
Blood, 121 – 123 , 129 , 146 – 147 , 158 , 162 – 164 ,
179 , 185 – 187 , 196 , 210 , 219 , 235 , 238 ,
279 , 305 , 312
Blood–brain barrier, 219
Blood pressure,v, 90 , 91 , 121 , 123 , 130 , 133 ,
144 – 164 , 182 , 319
ambulatory, 123 – 124 , 131 – 132 , 147 – 149 ,
151 , 154 , 155 , 159 , 164
diastolic, 124 , 125 – 126 , 131 – 132 , 133 ,
143 , 145 – 148 , 154
Dipping, 148
Home, 151 , 158 , 160
sleep, 124 , 125 – 126 , 131 , 143 , 145 – 148 ,
154 , 160 – 161
systolic, 124 , 125 – 126 , 131 , 143 , 145 – 148 ,
154 , 160 – 161
variation, 147 – 152 , 156
work, 151 , 154 , 158 , 160
Body image, 353
Body mass index (BMI), 20 , 52 , 81 , 86 , 87 , 90 ,
91 , 173 , 184 , 185 , 195 , 204 , 209 , 215 , 244 ,
245
Bone, 255 , 256 , 258 – 268
density, 6 – 7 , 255 – 263 , 265 , 267 , 268 , 313
formation, 256 , 259 , 263 , 265
fractures, 67 , 255 , 261 – 264 , 267
health, 6 , 255 , 256 , 259 , 260 , 265 – 268
mass, 255 – 257 , 259 , 261 , 262 , 267 , 268
resorption, 256 , 257 , 263 , 264
Bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP),
263
Brachial artery, 145 , 146
Brain activity map, 352
BRAIN initiative, 351
BRCA allele, 352
Breast feeding, 15 , 57 , 207 , 257
Breast milk, 15
Brown adipose tissue, 215
Bureaucracy, 128C
Caffeine, 149 , 184
Calcidiol, 264
Calcitriol, 264
Calcium, 179 , 256 – 258 , 263 , 264
California verbal learning test, 281
Caloric (energy) density, 195 , 196 , 200 , 202 ,
207 , 209 , 210 , 220
Calories, 200 , 202 , 203 , 206
Canada, 74 , 76 , 317
Cancer, 33 , 128 , 177 , 246 , 320 , 321
breast, 177 , 183 , 239 , 316 , 321
prostate, 239
Carbon isotope ratio, 182 , 197
Cardiovascular
disease, 20 , 6 , 120 , 146 , 148 , 150 , 188
system, 16 , 121 , 149 , 162
Carotenoids, 175 , 179 , 183 – 185 , 187
Catecholamines, 122 ,123.See also
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
plasma, 122
urinary, 122 – 124
Cebu longitudinal study, 20
Cerebellum, 286
Child care, 15 , 149
Children, 47 , 48 , 50 – 58 , 60 – 62 , 67 , 91
obesity, 52 , 57
size, 16 , 17 , 54
China, 132
Chinese Americans, 262
Cholecystokinin (CCK), 210
Cholesterol, 7 , 188 , 305 , 316
Chondrocyte, 57
Circadian, 33 , 34 , 44 , 148 , 150 – 153 , 157 , 158 ,
160 , 162 , 164
disruption, 30
Climate, 164
Climacteric scale, 236
Cognition, 2 , 208 , 276 , 278 , 279 , 281 – 283 ,
285 , 286 , 289 , 290 , 292 , 293
decline, 129 , 277 , 289 , 290
impairment, 277 , 278 , 285 , 291 – 293
Cognitive difficulties scale, 289
Cognitive failures questionnaire, 290
Cold exposure, 215
Collagen, 256
Colombia, 199 , 204 , 304 – 305328 Index