Neuroticism, 276
New York City, 151 , 158 – 161
New Zealand, 76
Nicotine, 149
Nigeria, 76
Night sweats, 233 , 237 , 241
Nitrogen, urinary, 181 – 182 , 184
Nitrogen isotope ratio, 182 , 197
Noise, 119 , 128 , 316 , 317
Non-REM (NREM) spectral analysis, 31 – 32
Non-shivering thermogenesis, 215
Norepinephrine, 121 – 128 , 130 , 133 , 235
Normality, 48 , 51 – 55 , 57 , 58 , 148 , 154
North America, 71 , 75 , 76 , 243 , 244
N-telopeptide (NTX), 263
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 187
Nurses, 33 , 48 , 112 , 131 , 133 , 285 , 308
Nutricam dietary assessment method, 176
Nutrient database for research (NDS-R), 173 ,
174
Nutrients, 2 , 14 , 20 , 172 – 175 , 179 , 181 – 187 ,
197 – 199 , 202 , 219 , 258
Nutrition,vi, 2 , 7 , 16 – 18 , 20 , 21 , 53 , 57 ,
171 – 188 , 203 , 220 , 259 , 306 , 313
O
Obesity, 6 , 7 , 17 , 21 , 67 , 71 , 72 , 81 , 91 ,
174 – 176 , 183 , 188 , 195 , 196 , 198 – 200 ,
205 , 207 – 211 , 213 , 215 – 218 , 220 – 221 ,
245 , 317
child, 52 , 57 , 195 , 196 , 317
youth, 90 , 172 , 196
Obesogenic environment, 7 , 196 , 200 , 211 ,
219 , 306
Obesogens, 196
Objective measures,v, 1 , 5 – 5 , 29 , 30 – 33 , 38 ,
43 , 283 , 288 , 293 , 312 , 316 – 322
Objectivity, 1 – 7 , 29 , 30 – 38 , 43 , 51 , 55 , 59 , 71 ,
120 , 174 , 177 , 260 , 277 – 278 , 280 – 284 ,
288 – 295 , 303 – 308 , 312 , 316 – 317 , 317 ,
319 – 322
Omnivory, 198
Optimal foraging theory, 206
Oscillometric technique, 145
Osteocalcin, 263
Osteopenia, 255
Osteoporosis, 6 , 67 , 255 , 256 , 258 – 265 ,
267 – 268
Ovaries,16,, 256 , 313 , 321
Overweight, 17 , 71 , 81 , 90 , 91 , 195 – 196 , 205 ,
216 , 220 , 245 , 317
Ovulation, 3
Oxytocin, 3 , 21
P
Pain,v, 1 , 5 , 6 , 48 , 54 – 55 , 105 – 114 , 119 , 163 ,
186 , 237 , 306 , 311 – 312 , 320 , 322
acute, 113
chronic, 113 , 255
clinical, 105 , 106 , 108 – 112
experimental, 106 – 109 , 113
intensity, 107 – 110 , 112
persistent, 106 , 110 , 113
threshold, 106 , 107 , 110
tolerance, 106 , 107 , 121
unpleasantness, 106 – 109 , 112
wind up, 110 , 111
Pain management, 112
Pain scale, 112
Pancreas, 210 , 212 , 214 , 216 – 219
Paratroopers, 128
Parental investment, 162
Parenthood, 29 , 38
Parenting, 29 – 44 , 49 , 55 , 56 , 58 , 60 , 61
Parity, 257 , 258
Participant burden, 172 – 173 , 175 – 176 , 182 ,
185 , 186 , 236 , 238 , 240
Perceived stress questionnaire, 120 , 121
Perceived stress scale, 120 – 121
Perception, 3 , 4 , 7 , 35 , 37 – 38 , 40 , 47 , 68 – 69 ,
74 , 84 , 109 – 110 , 128 , 130 , 131 , 134 , 160 ,
162 , 163 , 195 , 199 – 200 , 202 – 204 , 205 ,
210 – 212 , 220 , 236 , 265 , 268 , 271 , 278 ,
304 , 305 , 312 , 316 – 318 , 320 , 322
Perinatal, 15 , 36
Phenomenal experience, 303 – 305
Phenomenology, 243
Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), 207
Philosophy,vi, 7 , 303 – 308 , 313
Phthalates, 196
Physical activity, 2 , 6 , 67 – 91 , 123 , 155 , 240 ,
256 , 259 , 263 , 317 , 319
moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA), 67 , 70 ,
74 – 77 , 85 , 86 , 88
Physical activity level (PAL), 69 – 73 , 88 , 207
Physical activity report cards, 76
Physical education, 68 , 86
Physical exertion, 354
Physicalfitness, 67 , 86 , 87
Physicalist, 303 , 304
Phytoestrogens, 183
Pittsburgh, 244
Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 35 , 37 , 242
Pituitary gland, 57 , 121
Placebo, 106 , 240
Plasma, 143 , 157 , 158 , 182
Plasma renin activity, 157 , 159Index 333