321435_Print.indd

(やまだぃちぅ) #1

Table 5.6 Relationships between habitual physical activity (PA) and indicators of health and
fitness, and trends in studies of the effects of specific physical activity programs (experimental,
interventions) on the indicators


Health andfitness
indicators

Relationships with PA Specific PA Program Effects

Cardiorespiratory
fitness (CRF)—peak
VO 2 , endurance
shuttle runs

Habitual PA associated with
higher CRF

Favorable influence on CRF;
gains*10% (3–4 ml/kg/min)

Muscular strength,
endurance

Habitual PA—not consistently
related with muscular strength
and endurance

Larger strength gains with high
resistance and low repetitions;
larger endurance gains with low
resistance and high repetitions;
suggested larger gains in later
adolescence in males
Bone mineral,
strength

Higher bone mineral content in
active youth

Variety of PA programs—
increased bone mineral content
and bone strength
Adiposity—skinfolds,
BMI, %Fat

Normal weight youth—less
adiposity in habitually active
youth

Normal weight youth—minimal
effect
Overweight/obese youth—
reduction in overall and central
adiposity with PA interventions
Cardiovascular health:
lipids and lipoproteins

Habitual PA—weak
associations with TC, HDL-C,
LDL-C, and triglycerides

Weak beneficial effect of
MVPA on HDL-C and
triglycerides; no effect on TC
and LDL-C
Cardiovascular health:
blood pressures

Normotensive youth—no clear
association between habitual
PA and blood pressures

Hypertensive youth—aerobic
PA programs favorably
influence blood pressures
Mild essential hypertension—
suggestive beneficial effect
Cardiovascular health:
inflamation markers

Habitual PA—weak
associations with levels of
fibrinogen and C-reactive
protein, inconclusive for
endothelial function

Obese youth—aerobic PA
programs improve resting vagal
tone (heart rate variability)

Clustered
cardiometabolic risk

High PA, high CRF—both
associated with a better
metabolic profile; association is
stronger for CRF than PA

Overweight/obese youth—
improved metabolic profile with
PA intervention

Psychobehavioral
health

Evidence mixed, largely for
adolescents; PA positively
associated with global and
physical self-concept, sport
competence; academic
performance, tests of cognitive
function

PA in conjunction with
cognitive behavioral
modification—beneficial effect
on anxiety and depression
symptoms; PA alone—small
positive effect

Collated from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, expert panel (Strong et al. 2005 )
and Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee ( 2008 ). Additional references indicated in
Appendix 2


90 R.M. Malina et al.

Free download pdf