biodiversity ‘hotspots’ 68–70, 71
Caribbean 211–15
community assembly and dynamics 108, 110–11, 122,
126, 128–9, 135–6, 139–40, 143
Indian Ocean 312–13
island theory and conservation 258–9, 265, 267,
269–70, 275, 278, 284, 287
macroecology of island biotas 79, 84, 86, 98, 99, 100
Pacific Ocean 307–12
scale and ecological theory 152, 153
see alsoflightless birds
Bismarck islands 209
biodiversity ‘hotspots’ 68, 69, 71
community assembly and dynamics 108, 109, 110, 111,
112, 116, 118, 143
Blarina brevicauda(shrew) 121–2, 173
block effects 120
blue tit 62
Boiga irregularis(brown tree snake) 303–4, 317, 320,
321, 322
Bombus(bumbleebee) 180, 299
boom-and-bust patterns 321
Boraginaceae 67, 228
bottlenecks 167–72, 194, 203, 253, 254–5
boundary zone 276
Branta sandvicensis(goose) 308–9
Brazil (Amazonia) 254, 270–1, 272, 273, 292
British Isles 12, 14, 26, 27, 246
island theory and conservation 255, 258, 262–3, 266,
267, 268, 274
scale and ecological theory 158
species numbers 101
browsers 298–9
Bubo virginianus(owl) 286
Bucconidae 122
Bufo margaritifera(toad) 196
buglosses 184
bumble bee 299
butterflies 69–70, 139–40, 141, 197, 259–60, 262–3
Bystropogon 62
C-score 117, 125
Cabra Corral dam islands 125
Cactaceae 327
Cactospiza(finch) 219
Calathus(beetles) 237
calderas 42, 43
California islands 49, 91
Callosciurus prevosti(squirrel) 186
Calyptorhyncus funereus latirostrus (cockatoo) 268, 279
Camarhynchus(finch) 197, 219, 220
Campanula 178
Campanulaceae 50, 236, 237, 299
Canada 274, 331
Canadian woodlots 151
Canariomys(rat) 306
Canary islands 21–2, 43
anthropogenic losses and threats to ecosystems 291,
299–300, 305–7, 314–16, 319–20, 322
arrival and change 171, 177, 178, 180, 181, 184,
189, 191
biodiversity ‘hotspots’ 50, 60, 61, 62, 63–4, 67, 68, 71
conservation of ecosystems 323, 327, 331, 337, 339,
340–1
developmental history 27–9
emergent models of evolution 213–14, 217, 228, 231–2,
234–7, 239, 242–3
lizards 176
protected area and species protection systems 333–7
speciation and island condition 198, 199, 203, 206
spiders, beetles and snails 227
unsustainable development 325–8
Cape Verde islands 21, 22, 184
anthropogenic losses and threats to ecosystems
300, 305
biodiversity ‘hotspots’ 48, 60, 61, 62
emergent models of evolution 232–3
Caribbean and islands 33, 39
arrival and change 179
biodiversity ‘hotspots’ 47, 68
birds 211–15
disturbance phenomena 40
land mammals 314–15
lizards 215–17
scale and ecological theory 156–7, 158
tectonic plate 59
Carolines 69
Carophyllaceae 236
Carpodacus mexicanus(finch) 319
carrying capacities, temporal
variation in 156–61
endemics, implications for 159–61
intense disturbance events 156–7
long term non-equilibrium systems 158–9
species number variation in short and medium term
157–8
Casuarina equisetifolia(tree) 131
catastrophic losses 243
caterpillars 219
cats 298, 307, 313, 314, 328, 332
cattle 307, 313, 317, 328
cays 160
Cebú island 302
Cecropia 274
Central America 196, 214
Centropus violaceus(bird) 108
Certhia(treecreeper) 275
Certhidea(finch) 219INDEX 385