Ducie atoll 312
Ducula(fruit pigeon) 113, 118, 149, 312
dung-beetles 227
dunnock 258
dwarfismseenanism
dynamic equilibrium 77, 150, 155, 161
dynamic non-equilibrium 151, 155
dynamicsseecommunity assembly and dynamics
Dysdera(spider) 227, 237
Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum(tree) 142
earthquakes 39
East Indies 84
East Melanesian islands 47
Easter Island 27, 50, 302, 307–12, 322
Eastern Wood 101
echelon lines 21
Echium(plant) 62, 67, 171, 181, 185, 228, 299
ecological niche 172
ecological release 173–4, 320
ecological trap 278
ecosystem transformers 292, 295
ecotone 276, 277
edge effects 276–8, 289
edge habitats 289
edge-related changes 269
El Hierro (Canary islands) 22, 28–9, 43–4
anthropogenic losses and threats to ecosystems 314
conservation of ecosystems 333
emergent models of evolution 231, 232
speciation and island condition 199
El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena 34, 39,
40–1, 179, 338
emergent models of evolution 240, 246
scale and ecological theory 159–60, 161, 164
Elaeocarpus joga 317
Elanus caeuleus(kite) 156
elephants 188, 189, 286
Emberiza citrinella(yellowhammers) 258
Emberizinae 219
Emoia(skink) 68, 298
Emperor Seamount Chain 21, 30
empty niche space 172–6, 204
emergent models of evolution 218, 222, 239,
243, 245
end-Cretaceous event 290
endemism/endemic 46, 63–71
animals 67–71
carrying capacities, temporal variation in 159–61
emergent models of evolution 240–1
insular between taxa, variation in 240–5
multiple-island 231–2, 244, 245
neo- and palaeoendemism 63–5
plants 65–7
super-generalists 180–1
see alsosingle-island endemics
energy reallocation (Cody) hypothesis 191
ENP (Espacios Naturales Protegidos) network (Canary
islands) 333, 335
environmental catastrophe 255
environmental changes over long
timescales 22–32
Canary islands, developmental history of 27–9
climate change 26–7
Hawaii, developmental history of 29–31
Jamaica, developmental history of 31–2
sea level changes 22–4
sea level changes, eustatic 24–6
Eopsaltria australis(robin) 123
equilibrium 101–2, 103–4, 150–6, 159
static 150, 155
see alsoequilibrium model of island biogeography
(EMIB); equilibrium theory
equilibrium model of island
biogeography (EMIB) 6, 78–9, 84–7, 88–9, 90, 92
community assembly and dynamics 114, 120, 126, 131,
137, 140, 141
island theory and conservation 252, 260, 263–5,
269–70, 272, 274, 283, 288
limitations 145–9
scale and ecological theory 146, 149, 150, 153–4, 155,
158, 161, 164
species numbers 99, 101, 102, 103–4, 106
equilibrium theory 79–87, 105
distance effect 83–4
island species-area relationship (ISAR) 81–2
species abundance distributions 82–3
turnover and equilibrium model of island
biogeography (EMIB) 84–7
Erica 319
Erysimum 230
establishments 152
‘Eua 73, 332
Euglandina rosea(snail) 299, 315
Euphorbia181, 300, 327
Euphydryas editha bayensis (checkerspot butterfly)
259–60
European Union Natura 2000 333, 334, 335, 336
Eutrichopus(beetle) 237
evolution 92
in isolation 320
scale 148, 164
scale and ecological theory 162
see alsoevolution models
evolution models 208–48
anagenesis: speciation with little or no radiation
208–9
forcing factors 238–40388 INDEX