Lates niloticus(perch) 293
Laupala(cricket) 176, 236
laurel (Laurus)62
laurel-forest tree 184
Lavandula62, 180
Lavatera 237
Laysan island (Hawaii) 30
Leeward Islands 67
Leguminosae 317
lemurs 18, 201, 313
Lepidodactylus(gecko) 178–9
Lesser Antilles 89, 298
conservation of ecosystems 323, 339–40
emergent models of evolution 211, 213, 214,
215–16, 217
Lesser Sundas islands 13, 52, 304
lime, short-leaved 266
limestone islands 32
Limonium62, 67, 230, 237
Line Islands 21
lineage structure 206–7
linear island groups 20–1
Linnean shortfall 290
lizards 68, 72, 105, 178, 189, 190,
191, 219, 300, 313–14
Canary islands 71, 170, 198, 236
Caribbean 176, 215–17
Greater Antilles 234
Indian Ocean islands 237
Lesser Antilles 170
Pacific 70
as pollinators 181
Seychelles 93
see alsoanoline;Gallotia
llicura militaris 254
lobelioids 184
Loboptera(cockroach) 227, 237
locational context and speciation 201–2
log-log models 267
log-normal series of abundance 82–3
Loihi Seamount (Hawaii) 21
Long Island (New Guinea) 105, 176–7
community assembly and dynamics 108, 111,
130, 131
longevity hypothesis 185
Lotus67, 237
Loxigilla portoricensis grandis (bullfinch) 256
Luscinia megarhynchos(nightingale) 258
Macaranga tanarius(tree) 133
Macaronesia 319
arrival and change 180, 184, 185
biodiversity ‘hotspots’ 47, 48, 56, 63–4, 66, 74
emergent models of evolution 228–9, 230, 234, 235,
240, 248
speciation and island condition 203, 206
Macquarie Island 177, 298
Macrolepidoptera 262
Macropygia(bird) 109, 111–13
Madagascar 13, 17, 18, 186, 278
anthropogenic losses and threats to ecosystems 305,
306, 312–13
biodiversity ‘hotspots’ 47, 56, 66, 74
speciation and island condition 201, 203
Madeira 184, 203, 227
anthropogenic losses and threats to ecosystems 305, 315
biodiversity ‘hotspots’ 60, 61, 62, 63–4
Madia 228
Madiinae 226
magpie goose 282–3
Majorca 299
Makatea Island 24, 32
malaria 301
Maldives 323–4
Malé Atoll 324
Malpelo islands 47
Malta 314
Malvaceae 234, 235, 236, 237
mammals 69, 71, 72, 98, 119–20, 190, 191, 219, 314–15
island theory and conservation 279, 280–1, 286
losses and threats to ecosystems 292, 293, 296–7
Manacus manacus 254
Manaus habitat fragmentation study 284, 286
Mangareva island 23, 312
manuka scrub 88
Marcetella 62
Margarita island 122
Mariana (Micronesia) 317
Marion Island 27, 298
Marquesas islands 21, 69, 305, 337
marsh tit 258
marsupials 69, 70–1, 129
Martes martes(pine marten) 299
Martinique (Caribbean) 41
Masafuera island 3–4, 208
Masatierra island 3, 4, 208, 240
Mascarenes 241, 331
anthropogenic losses and threats to ecosystems 305,
307, 314, 316
arrival and change 186, 189
biodiversity ‘hotspots’ 47, 69
mass-extinction events 290
Massachusetts islands 119
matrix effects 287
matrix habitats 289
Maui (Hawaii) 30, 169INDEX 393