scale and ecological theory 145–64
equilibria and non-equilibria 150–6
equilibrium model of island biogeography (EMIB)
145–9
future directions 161–4
scale and dynamics of biotas 147–9
see alsocarrying capacities, temporal variation in
Scalopus 119
Scaptomyza 226
Schiedea 236
Schizachyrium(bunchgrass) 320
Sclerurus 274
Scilly Isles 34
scorpions 227
Scrophulariaceae 206
sea level change 22–4
eustatic 22, 24–6
rises 324, 337–8
seamounts 12, 16
seas, heavy dependence on 338
Sebesi island 132
sedentary species 87
Sedum 62
Semele 62
Serianthes nelsonii 317
Sertung island 132, 133, 140
sexual selection 230, 231
differential 168
Seychelles 17, 22
arrival and change 186
biodiversity ‘hotspots’ 47, 56, 58
conservation of ecosystems 337
emergent models of evolution 219
species numbers 93
sheep 307
shield volcanoes 41
shrews 118–19, 121–2
shrubs 135, 297–8
Sicily 189, 314
Sideritis67, 234, 237
Silene(plant) 169
silversword alliance 66, 184, 226, 228, 234, 235
simulation models 117, 127
Singapore 321
Single Large Or Several Small reserves (SLOSS) debate
252, 263–8, 275, 276, 284, 288–9
single-island endemics 230–1, 232, 233, 239, 242, 244, 245
sink habitats 262, 281, 288
see alsosource and sink
Sitta(nuthatches) 275
size shifts in species 186–90
skinks 70–1, 74, 304
Skokholm island 101
small-island effect 88, 90, 96, 119, 267, 277
snails 227, 296, 299, 315–16
see alsoland snails
snakes 189–90, 219
see also Boiga irregularis
Snares Islands (New Zealand) 159–60
Society Islands (Polynesia) 21, 69, 318
Solanum 62
Solifugae 227
Solomon islands 84, 116
anthropogenic losses and threats to ecosystems 305, 307
arrival and change 173, 183
biodiversity ‘hotspots’ 68, 69, 71
conservation of ecosystems 337, 339
emergent models of evolution 209, 212, 219
Sonchus62, 67, 184, 228, 234, 235
Sophora toromiro(tree) 310
Sorex(shrew) 118–19
source and sink populations 147, 261, 278, 288
South America and islands 125, 186, 196, 214, 217, 290
South-East Asia 303
Spain 275
sparrows 100
Spartina alterniflora(grass) 103
spatial and size-frequency
distribution 280
speciation:
allopatric 200, 218, 247
archipelago 200, 205
interisland 245
intraisland 245
with little or no radiation 208–9
parapatric 200
sympatric (competitive) 199, 200, 205, 222, 247
within an archipelago 230–3
see alsospeciation and island condition
speciation and island condition 195–207
allopatric or geographical speciation 202–4
competitive speciation 204–5
distributional context 199–201
lineage structure 206–7
locational and historical context 201–2
polyploidy 205–6
species concept and place in phylogeny 195–9
species 199
abundance distributions 79, 80, 81, 82–3, 84, 85, 89
accumulation curves 79–80, 94–5
-based approach 163
concept and place in phylogeny 195–9
-energy theory 88, 97–9
-isolation 162
lists, dynamics of 136–41
numbers games: macroecology of
island biotas 77–106
species-area relationships,398 INDEX