membrane thus reducing the problem of fluid retainability inside the chambers.
Figure2.13shows optical micrograph of pumping chamber for both type of design
before and after the wash cycle and the discharge performance of the modified
chamber design as in part (c) and (d). Additionally Fig.2.13eshows the discharge
related to (c) configuration.
New design of pumping system (experimentally) decreases the percentage
retainability of biological and other fluids contained within the chambers which
make it a comparatively high efficiency micro-pumping system as compared to
conventional design with circular membrane and chambers.
Fig. 2.13 (a) Optical micrograph of pumping chambers in the circular design case before start of
wash cycle (b) at the end of wash cycle (c) optical micrograph of pumping chambers in the
optimized design case before start of wash cycle (d) at the end of wash cycle (e) Discharge with
respect to operating frequency of the modified design as in case (c) (Reproduced from Kant
et al. [ 45 ] with permission from the Springer)
50 G. Bhatt et al.