Resistant Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease

361

O
Obesity, 84, 195, 196, 202
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), 84, 156, 205, 206
activated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system, 199
algorithm, 211
characteristics, 204
circadian variability, 197
diagnosis, 202, 203, 205
endothelial dysfunction, 202
history and risk factors, 203, 204
hypopneas/apneas, 195
incident hypertension, 196, 197, 201
inflammation and oxidative stress, 199
mean arterial pressures, 207
metabolic factors, 202
obesity and metabolic syndrome, 196
pathophysiology, 200
physical examination, 205
resistant hypertension, 195, 198
screening questionnaires, 204
sympathetic activation and intermittent
hypoxia, 199
systolic and diastolic blood pressure, 196
treatment, weight loss, 205–206
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS),
201, 323
and CPAP, 325
HT, 323, 324
RAAS, 324
Obstructive sleep apnoea, 337
Office blood pressure, 40
Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in
Combination With Ramipril Global
Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET), 293
Oral contraceptive hormones, 46
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD), 241
Organ-specific norepinephrine spillover, 153
Osteoblastic transdifferentiation, 31
Osteoblasts, 134
Ouabain, 108
Out-of-center sleep testing, 205
Overhydration, 21, 32, 33
Oxidative stress, 101, 104, 107, 109, 110, 134

P
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), 14
Perimembranous GN, 17
Peritoneal dialysis (PD), 267
Phaeochromocytoma, 337
Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5)
inhibitors, 299

Phospholipase C (PLC), 106

Plasma noradrenaline levels, 328

Plasma renin activity (PRA),

131, 151

Plasminogen, 32

Plasminuria, 33

Polycystic kidney disease, 13, 19, 20

Polygraphy, 34

PolyIran, 250

Polypills, 250

Polysomnography, 205

Positive airway pressure (PAP), 195

Pressure-natriuresis, 129, 262

Prevention and Treatment of resistant

Hypertension With Algorithm-

Guided Therapy (PATHWAY-2)

study, 72, 286

Primary hyperaldosteronism, 46

Primary/post Hoc analyses, 71–72

Proline-enriched tyrosine kinase-2, 263

Proopiomelanocortin-melanocortin 4 receptor

(MC4R), 157

Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology

(PURE) study, 173

Proteinuria, 32, 33, 225, 261

Proteinuric CKD patients, 33

Proteinuric patients, 248

Pseudohypertension, 5

Pseudoresistance, 28, 34, 46–49, 52, 65

Pseudo-resistance arises, 5

Pseudo-resistant hypertension (PRH), 5–7, 77,

79, 237, 238, 335, 346

patient, 335

physician, 335

Pulse pressure (PP), 139

Pulse pressure amplification, 141

Pulse wave velocity (PWV), 139, 141

Q

Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF),

243, 244

R

RAAS blockage, 267

Rapidly progressive GN, 17

Reasons for Geographic and Racial

Differences in Stroke (REGARDS)

study, 48, 68, 275

Referral system, 338

Refractory hypertension, 3, 5

Renal artery stenosis, 13, 34, 82, 337

Renal blood flow (RBF), 151

Index