Table 5.2
Contemporary longitudinal studies reporting renal, cardiovascular, or mortality events for resistant hypertension with and without CKD
1st author [Ref]
Year
Country
Number
Age (years)
a
eGFR
a
ABPM
RH definition
Mean/median follow-up (years)
Adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) for resistant compared to nonresistant hypertensionRenal events
CV events
All-
cause
mortality
Note
Pierdomenico [^13
]
2005
Italy
742
61 ± 12
1.04 ± 0.4
b
Ye s
1
4.9
NR
2.94(1.02–8.41)
1
Salles [
14
]
2008
Brazil
556
65.8 ± 11.2
1.1 ± 0.5
b
Ye s
1
4.8
NR
1.88(0.93–3.80)
2.00(1.12–3.55)
2
De Nicola [
15
]
2011
Italy
300
67.3 ± 11.3
41 ± 16.6
Ye s
2
3.1
1.85(1.13–3.03)
NR
NR
3,4
Salles [
16
]
2011
Brazil
531
68.5 ± 12
106(82–133)
c
Ye s
1
4.9
NR
4.64(2.15–10.02)
2.90(1.52–5.52)
5,6
Daugherty [
12
]
2012
United States
18,036
60.6(60.2–60.9)
NR
No
1
3.8
NR
1.47(1.32–1.62)
NR
7,8
De Nicola [
17
]
2013
Italy
436
68.2 ± 10.9
30.2 ± 5.9
Ye s
2
4.8
2.66(1.62–4.37)
1.98(1.14–3.43)
NR
3, 9
Irvin [
18
]
2013
United States
14,522
67.6 ± 8.6
NR
No
1
6
NR
1.69(1.27–2.24)
1.29(1.14–1.46)
10,11
Muntner [
19
]
2014
North America
14,684
66.6 ± 7.5
72.5 ± 18.9
No
1
4.9
1.95(1.11–3.41)
1.46(1.29–1.64)
1.30(1.11–1.52)
12,2
Sim [
20
]
2015
United States
470,386
64(56–73)
74(59–88)
No
1
<5
1.32(1.27–1.37)
1.24(1.20–1.28)
1.06(1.03–1.08)
11,13
Thomas [
11
]
2016
United States
3367
60.6 ± 9.2
38.9 ± 13.7
No
3
<5
1.28(1.11–1.46)
1.48(1.28–1.72)
1.24(1.06–1.45)
12
Kaboré [
21
]
2016
France
1629
75.1 ± 5.6
74 ± 17.0
No
1
4
2.78(1.33–5.81)2.91(1.49–5.70)
NR
NR
14