117- Sturm LP, Windsor JA, Cosman PH, Cregan PC, Hewett PJ, Maddern GJ. A systematic review
of surgical skills transfer after simulation-based training. Ann Surg. 2008;248(2):166–79. - Moglia A, Ferrari V, Morelli L, Ferrari M, Mosca F, Cuschieri A. A systematic review of vir-
tual reality simulators for robot-assisted surgery. Eur Urol. 2016;69(2):1065–80. - Lee JY, Andonian S, Pace KT, Grober E. Basic laparoscopic skills assessment study – valida-
tion and standard setting among Canadian urology trainees. Eur Urol. 2017;197(6):1539–44. - Lendvay TS, White L, Kowalewski T. Crowdsourcing to assess surgical skill. JAMA Surg.
2015;150(11):1086–7. - Phillips A, Matthan J, Bookless L, Whitehead I, Madhavan A, Rodham P, et al. Individualised
expert feedback is not essential for improving basic clinical skills performance in novice learn-
ers: a randomized trial. J Surg Educ. 2017;74(4):612–20. - Kulasegaram KM, Grierson LEM, Norman GR. The roles of deliberate practice and innate abil-
ity in developing expertise: evidence and implications. Med Educ [Internet]. 2013;47(10):979–
89. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.12260. - Cuschieri A. Lest we forget the surgeon. Semin Laparosc Surg. 2003;10(3):141–8.
- Mattar SG, Alseidi AA, Jones DB, Jeyarajah DR, Swanstrom LL, Aye RW, et al. General sur-
gery residency inadequately prepares trainees for fellowship: results of a survey of fellowship
program directors. Ann Surg [Internet]. 2013;258(3):440–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.
nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24022436. - Louridas M, Szasz P, de Montbrun S, Harris KA, Grantcharov TP. Original reports: optimiz-
ing the selection of general surgery residents: a national consensus. J Surg Educ [Internet].
2017; Available from: http://10.0.3.248/j.jsurg.2016.06.015%5Cnhttps://ezp.lib.unimelb.edu.
au/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edselp&AN=S193172
0416300915&site=eds-live&scope=site. - Moore EJ, Price DL, Van Abel KM, Carlson ML. Still under the microscope: can a surgical apti-
tude test predict otolaryngology resident performance? Laryngoscope. 2015;125(2):E57–61. - Iramaneerat C. Instruction and assessment of professionalism for surgery residents. J Surg
Educ. 2009;66(3):158–62. - Hochberg MS, Kalet A, Zabar S, Kachur E, Gillespie C, Berman RS. Can professionalism be
taught? Encouraging evidence. Am J Surg. 2010;199(1):86–93.
6 Crowdsourcing and Large-Scale Evaluation