400
loss of detail. A simple approximation for proper monitor distance is 3 feet from the
surgeon with minor adjustments made based on the monitor specifications and sur-
geon comfort. If the monitor must be placed closer to the surgeon, it should be
lowered and tilted upward [ 114 , 115 ].
Correct Table Height Adjustment
Open Surgery
Improper table height can lead to wrist, hand, shoulder, neck, and back pain [ 9 , 14 ,
71 , 91 ]. Appropriate adjustment of the operating table height reduces the risk of
10-20 ̊90-120 ̊Pubic height
3-4'Fig. 22.5 Proper laparoscopic surgery posture is shown with the operating surface at pubic height
and the elbows in 90–120° of flexion. The foot pedal is directly in front of the working foot. The
monitor is 3–4 feet from the surgeon with the top of the screen at eye level so that the center of the
screen is 10–20° below eye level
C. Ronstrom et al.