(^216) noTes
43 Shrubb, Birds, Scythes and Combines, pp. 105–6.
44 R. J. P. Kain, An Atlas and Index of the Tithe-Files of Mid Nineteenth Century
England and Wales (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), pp. 195,
205.
45 E. E. Briault, The Land of Britain: Sussex (Land Utilisation Survey Pts 13 and
14) (London: Geographical Publications, 1947), p. 490.
46 P. Armstrong, ‘Changes in the Suffolk Sandlings: a study of the disintegration
of an eco-system’, Geography 58 (1973), pp. 1–8.
47 J. Chapman, ‘The extent and nature of parliamentary enclosure’, Agricultural
History Review 35 (1987), 25–35. Chapman’s estimates of the extent of
parliamentary enclosure are arguably a little on the high side. On the other
hand, this total excludes waste removed by other means, as well as numerous
small pockets of unploughed ground lying within the open fields whose extent
was not detailed in the enclosure acts.
48 C. D. Preston, ‘Engulfed by suburbia or destroyed by the plough: the ecology
of extinction in Middlesex and Cambridgeshire’, Watsonia 23 (2000), 59–81.
49 D. Defoe, A Tour Through the Whole Island of Great Britain, vol. 1 (London,
1724), p. 119.
50 R. L. Hills, Machines, Mills and Uncountable Costly Necessities (Norwich:
Goose and Son, 1967), pp. 60–72. H. C. Darby, The Draining of the Fens
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1940). C. Taylor, ‘Fenlands’, in J.
Thirsk (ed.), Rural England: an illustrated history of the landscape (Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2000), pp. 167–87.
51 Ibid., p. 75.
52 J. A. Clarke, ‘On the Great Level of the Fens’, Journal of the Royal Agricultural
Society of England 8 (1848), 80–133.
53 Babbington, Flora of Cambridgeshire, pp. xv1–xvii.
54 H. M. Upcher, ‘President’s address’, Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich
Naturalists’ Society 3 (1884), 564–633.
55 H. Stevenson, ‘Ornithological notes’, Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich
Naturalists Society 4 (1887), 125–39.
56 M. Williams, The Draining of the Somerset Levels (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1970), pp. 123–68.
57 Ibid., pp. 145–50.
58 A. Winchester, England’s Landscape: the North West (London: Collins/English
Heritage, 2006), pp. 100–4; C. Taylor, ‘Post-medieval drainage of marsh and
fen’, in H. Cook and T. Williamson (eds), Water Management in the English
Landscape: field, marsh and meadow (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press,
1999), pp. 141–56; D. Hall, C. E. Wells and E. Huckerby, The Wetlands of
Greater Manchester (Lancaster: Lancaster University Archaeological Unit,
1995), pp. 126–7.
59 Shrubb, Birds, Scythes and Combines, pp. 128–9. Preston, ‘Engulfed by suburbia
or destroyed by the plough’, p. 67.
60 E. Pollard, M. D. Hooper and N. W. Moore, Hedges (London: Collins, 1974),
pp. 118–9.
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