noTes^231122 Ibid., p. 117.
123 E. C. Keith, ‘The policy of the society’, Transactions of the Norfolk and
Norwich Naturalists Society 15 (1942), 311–18.
124 C. D. Preston, ‘Engulfed by suburbia or destroyed by the plough: the ecology
of extinction in Middlesex and Cambridgeshire’, Watsonia 23 (2000), 59–81.
Chapter 9
1 T. A. Coward and C. Oldham, The Birds of Cheshire (Manchester: Sherrat and
Hughes, 1900), p. 1.
2 Department of Environment, River Pollution Survey 1970 (London, 1972).
3 J. R. Laundon, Lichens (Princes Risborough: Shire, 1984), p. 19.
4 S. Mosley, The Chimney of the World: a history of smoke pollution in
Victorian and Edwardian Manchester (Cambridge: White Horse Press, 2001),
p. 42.
5 Mrs Haweis, Rus in urbe: or flowers that thrive in London gardens and smoky
towns (London, 1885).
6 R. S. R. Fitter, London’s Natural History (London: Collins, 1945), pp. 181–2.
7 J. W. Tutt, ‘Melanism and melanochroism in British Lepidoptera’,
Entomologist’s Record 1: pp. 5–7, 49–56, 84–90, 121–5, 169–72, 228–34,
293–300, 317–25. E. B. Ford, Ecological Genetics (London, 1964). H. B. D.
Kettlewell, ‘Selection experiments on industrial melanism in the Lepidoptera’,
Heredity 9 (1955), 323–42. H. B. D. Kettlewell, ‘Further selection experiments
on industrial melanism in the Lepidoptera’, Heredity 10 (1956), 287–301.
8 T. D. Sargent, C. D. Millar, D. M. Lambert, ‘The “classical” explanation of
industrial melanism. Assessing the evidence’, Evolutionary Biology 30 (1998),
299–322. J. A. Coyne, ‘Not black and white. Review of Majerus, Melanism:
evolution in action’, Nature 396 (1998), 35–6.
9 L. M. Cook, ‘Changing views on melanic moths’, Biological Journal of the
Linnean Society 69 (2000), 431–41.
10 S. Cramp and J. Gooders, ‘The return of the house martin’, London Bird
Report 31 (1967), pp. 93–8.
11 F. S. Mitchell, Birds of Lancashire (London, 1885), p. ix.
12 Ibid., pp. ix–x.
13 T. Rowley, The English Landscape in the Twentieth Century (London, 2006),
pp. 195–216. A. Jackson, Semi-Detached London: suburban development, life
and transport, 1900-1939 (London: Allen and Unwin, 1973).
14 L. Dudley Stamp, The Land of Britain: its use and misuse (London:
Geographical Publications, 1950), p. 196. This is an upper figure, arrived at by
adding to the 4.6 per cent of land surface occupied by ‘houses and gardens’ the
3.3 per cent described as land’agriculturally unproductive’.
15 C. D. Preston, ‘Engulfed by suburbia or destroyed by the plough: the ecology
of extinction in Middlesex and Cambridgeshire’, Watsonia 23 (2000), p. 72.