Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses

.70. 61 .60

e

.73. 65

Par 1Par 2

.84 .78.^77 .85

−.62

−.24

−.44

.85

.72

.83

.68

.73

.53

.21

.39

.33

.57

32

Maladaptivecoping .38

Alcohol-related

problems

.81

GSE Stress

ee

eee

e

Par 1Par 2

e

Par 3

.72. 61 .64

e

Par 1Par 2

.78.85 .80

ee

Par 3

Par 1Par 2Par 3 .68

.46

.63

.39

.72

.52

eee

d

Substance

use Denial

Behavioral

disengage

CSE

d

d

FIGURE 7-1 Diagram of a Structural Equation Model

True/False

1. In nonexperimental designs, researchers manipulate the IV to determine
   cause-and-effect relationships.


2. Nonexperimental designs can be used to develop and test theories.


3. The purposes of nonexperimental designs are to describe, explain, and predict relationships.


4. Descriptive data are usually cross-sectional and can be collected through surveys and
   questionnaires.


5. Researchers use correlations to determine if there are differences between two groups.

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 7-3

How did you do? 1. F; 2. T; 3. F; 4. T; 5. F

Reproduced from Tomaka, J., Morales-Monks, S., & Shamaley, A.G. (2013). Stress and coping

mediate relationships between contingent and global self‐esteem and alcohol‐related

problems among college drinkers. Stress and Health, 29(3), 205–213.

7.3 Nonexperimental Designs 185