Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses

still use the data, provided that the participant agrees to this. A unique feature

of qualitative research is that sharing findings with participants is expected as

part of the research process. It is appropriate to share categories, themes, and

theories with participants; however, transcripts, audio- and videotapes, and

participant names must never be shared.

Indicate whether the following statements are true or false:

1. Qualitative researchers do not have to adhere to the usual protection of human subjects
   because most studies are noninvasive.


2. Qualitative findings must be shared with participants.


3. When a nurse researcher suspects abuse, it is unethical to report it because this
   information was obtained during a research interview.


4. Fictitious names should be used when transcribing data so that actual participants
   remain unknown to others.

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 9-3

How did you do? 1. F; 2. T; 3. F; 4. T

Protect the participants’ rights and interests.

Put participants’ interests first.

Clearly communicate the goals of the research.

Obtain informed consent.

Ensure privacy.

Avoid exploitation.

Share results and reports.

Modified from Spradley, J. P. (1980). Participant observation. Orlando, FL: Harcourt, Brace,

Jovanovich College Publishers.

BOX 9-3 Ethical Principles for Consideration with Participants

246 CHAPTER 9 Qualitative Designs: Using Words to Provide Evidence