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» Validity refers to whether an instrument measures what it should be measuring. There are
three kinds of validity: content validity, criterion-related validity, and construct validity.
» Reliability refers to the accuracy and consistency of an instrument. Reliable instruments have
stability, equivalence, and internal consistency.
» A correlation coefficient of 0.70 or greater indicates that an instrument has good reliability.
Cronbach’s alpha is one correlation coefficient that is commonly reported for interval and
ratio data.
» The purpose of qualitative data collection is to collect words.
» The researcher is the most important data collection instrument in qualitative data collec-
tion. Researchers use questionnaires, interviews, focus groups, case studies, observation, and
storytelling to collect qualitative data.
» Protecting human subjects is an important aspect of all research studies and one in which
nurses play a key role.References 281