obtain care for their children and fell victim to being coerced to allow their
children to participate in the study.
Unfortunately, ethical violations are not a thing of the past. In 2008, a 3-year
investigation was launched into claims of scientific misconduct at the University
of Connecticut (Callaway, 2012). Dr. Das studied the beneficial health effects of
red wine and other foods on cardiac health and longevity. He was found guilty
of falsifying data on more than two dozen papers and grant applications. This
type of behavior creates public distrust of research findings and can also inhibit
researchers’ ability to recruit subjects.» EBP involves: (1) practice grounded in research evidence integrated with theory, (2) clinician
expertise, and (3) patient preferences.
» Tradition, authority, trial and error, personal experiences, intuition, borrowed evidence, and
scientific research are sources of evidence.
» Individual and organizational barriers can prevent adoption of EBP.
» Innovations are adopted by the diffusion of the innovation over time through communica-
tion channels among the members of a social system.
» Research is a planned and systematic activity that leads to new knowledge and/or the
discovery of solutions to problems or questions.
» Scientific research offers the best evidence for nursing practice.
» Nurses use the evidence hierarchy to rank evidence from strongest to weakest.
» Research can be categorized as descriptive, explanatory, or predictive; basic or applied; and
quantitative or qualitative.RAPID REVIEW
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 1-5
Match the following.- Nazi medical experiments a. Infected subjects with cancer cells
- Tuskegee study b. Coerced parents to allow children into study
- Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital study c. Exposed subjects to cold
- Willowbrook studies d. Falsified and fabricated data
- “Red Wine Researcher” e. Failed to treat subjects with penicillin
How did you do? 1. c; 2. e; 3. a; 4. b; 5. d36 CHAPTER 1 What Is Evidence-Based Practice?