306 M. BABADOOST
and survives between the seasons only in the areas where cucurbits are
grown during winter. Third, several effective fungicides for control of
downy mildew of cucurbits are available. Thus, by implementing reli-
able strategies, downy mildew of cucurbits can be effectively managed.
Diseases caused byPythiumspecies can be managed by cultural prac-
tices, such as planting crops on raised beds, planting seed or seedling in
warm soil, crop rotation with small grains, and soil solarization. Reli-
able resistant cucurbit cultivars againstPythiumspecies are not avail-
able. Also, chemical management ofPythiumspecies in cucurbits is
difficult, as the range of effective fungicides available for managing
Pythium diseases is limited and pathogens develop resistance to fungi-
cides. Developing cucurbit cultivars resistant toPythiumspecies and
using strategies of integration of cultural practices with plant resistance
could provide long-term effective management of Pythium diseases in
cucurbits.
No single method provides sustainable management of any of the
diseases caused by oomycetes in cucurbits. Thus, integrated strategies
based on the pathogen biology, disease cycle, and environmental con-
ditions should be used to effectively manage any or combination of the
diseases caused by oomycete pathogens on cucurbits.
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