316 G. McCOLLUM AND E. BALDWIN
approach inserting several genes imparting tolerance or resistance to the
pathogen while making it difficult for the pathogen to, in turn, develop
resistance. Then it will be a matter of consumer acceptance.
KEYWORDS:antimicrobials; Asian citrus psyllid;CandidatusLiberibacter; cit-
rus flavor; nutritional deficiency; phloem; thermal therapy; transgenic
ABBREVIATIONS
ADGP Adenosine diphosphate glucose phosphorylase
CHMAs Citrus health management areas
CLaf CandidatusLiberibacter africanus
Clam CandidatusLiberibacter americanus
CLas CandidatusLiberibacter asiaticus
DFC Difference from control
DPE2 Disproportioning enzyme 2
DPI Division of plant industry
ENPs Enhanced nutritional programs
FDACS Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
HLB Huanglongbing
MEX1 Maltose export protein 1
PCR Polymerase chain reaction
PPU Plasmodesmata pore units
SAR Systemic acquired resistance
SEOR Sieve element occlusion related
Tre6P Trehalose 6-phosphate
WD Water dikinase
I.INTRODUCTION TO CITRUS
II.HUANGLONGBING DISEASE
A.Symptomatology
B.Etiology
C.ACP, CLas, and HLB in the Western Hemisphere
1 .ACP, the Psyllid Vector of HLB
2 .CLas, the Presumed Causal Agent of HLB
III.CHANGES INDUCED BY CLas INFECTION
A.Anatomical
B.Phloem Transport
C.Starch Accumulation
D.Hormonal Balance
E.Nutrients
IV.MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES TO MINIMIZE OR PREVENT
HLB DISEASE
A.Control the ACP Vector
B.Identify and Remove Infected Trees