24 A.O. TUCKER AND J. JANICK
(b)(a)Fig. 1.19. Opuntiasp.: (a) fol. 100 #8; (b) cladode (pad) ofO. ficus-indicawith fruits
(Source: Public domain).
Gates 2000; Clayton et al. 2009). Reko (1947) and Bye and Linares (2013)
also identify this as anIpomoeasp. The flower bud ofI. murucoides
(Fig. 1.21c) is similar.
Phytomorphs in the Codex Cruz-Badianus and in the Voynich codes
have a large, broad, gray to whitish basal caudex with ridged bark. How-
ever, leaves in the Voynich Codex are cordate rather than attenuate as
observed in the Cruz-Badianus Codex. The phytomorph in the Voynich
Codex must then beIpomoea arborescens(Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.)
G. Don, (Fig. 1.21d) found from northern to southern Mexico (Standley
1920–1926:1205) and commonly known in Nahuatl asquauhtzahuatl
(Ocaranza 2011).
Additional botanical characters of both species are discussed by
Standley (1920–1926) and McPherson (1981) and curiously, McPherson
described the bases of the leaves ofI. murucoidesas truncate, while