Astronomy

This map unfolds the entire night sky from sunset (at right) until sunrise (at left). Arrows and colored dots show motions and l ...

1° CYGNUS CEPHEUS ¡ i + h c b Path of Comet 21P July 8 11 14 17 20 N E Comet 21P/Giacobini-Zinner 30" July 1, 11:30 P.M. EDT Sat ...

SAGITTARIUS 13 July 1 3 5 7 9 11 Path of Pluto 0.025° E N 50 0.5° OPHIUCHUS^31 July 1 6 11 16 21 26 Path of Vesta 51 52 58 44 j ...

The outer solar system is rife with alien oceans. But to explore them, we’ll need to get creative. MICHAEL CARROLL ...

WWW.ASTRONOMY.COM 45 The next step in space exploration may be replacing rovers with underwater robots. by Michael Carroll ...

46 ASTRONOMY • JULY 2018 wenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea had Nemo’s Nautilus. Vo y a g e t o the Bottom of the Sea featured ...

WWW.ASTRONOMY.COM 47 baseline Europa mission. Louisiana State University is working on several projects, including the Sub-glaci ...

...

WWW.ASTRONOMY.COM 49 equipment to deploy a hot water drill. How can a miniaturized cryobot pack enough power? Stone proposes usi ...

propeller-based system of equivalent thrust. The design also generates much less turbulence, making it ideal for research and ob ...

submersible design. The liquid is cold (94 K; –290 degrees F), so just staying warm will draw a large part of a probe’s energy a ...

Although we are still in the early stages of exploring the outer solar system using robots, someday we will find a way to set fo ...

WWW.ASTRONOMY.COM 53 refilled a number of times over the course of Titan’s history. That story is told in the layers of sediment ...

NGC 6960, one portion of the Veil Nebula, is composed of glowing gas from an ancient supernova, a star that was torn asunder. KE ...

WWW.ASTRONOMY.COM 55 Dazzling double stars, open clusters, nebulae, and even a galaxy will highlight your summer of viewing the ...

56 ASTRONOMY • JULY 2018 1990s, Utah amateur astronomer Kim Hyatt added more pairings to form a complete 40'-wide circle, now kn ...

WWW.ASTRONOMY.COM 57 displays an aqua disk some five times larger than Uranus. NGC 7008, nicknamed by some the Coat Button Nebul ...

58 ASTRONOMY small telescopes — thus the nebula’s apparent crescent shape. One of Cygnus’ most celebrated emission and ref lecti ...

WWW.ASTRONOMY.COM 59 Shining only 0.3 magnitude fainter than M29, NGC 6811, sometimes called the Smoke Ring Cluster, lies almost ...

60 ASTRONOMY • JULY 2018 This lens’ maximum aper- ture comes at a focal ratio of f/1.4, so it’s extremely fast and lets in lots ...