- POEMS OF THE ANIMAL201
- Complete Poems of Thomas Gray, ed. H. W. Starr and J. R. Hendrickson (Oxford:
Clarendon, 1966), 5. - Suvir Kaul, “Why Selima Drowns: Thomas Gray and the Domestication of the Impe-
rial Ideal,” PMLA 105, no. 2 (1990): 226. - POEMS OF THE ANIMAL
- Jakob von Uexküll, A Foray Into the Worlds of Animals and Humans (Minneapolis:
University of Minnesota Press, 2010). - David Perkins’s discussion of Burns’s poem gives a good history of this tendency.
Perkins, Romanticism and Animal Rights (Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 2003), 7–13. See also Eric Miller, “Enclosure and Taxonomy in John Clare,”
Studies in English Literature, 1500–1900 40, no. 4 (2000): 635–57; and Bernhard
Frank, “The Grand Delusions of Hughes’s ‘The Jaguar,’ ” Explicator 6, no. 1 (2007):
50–51. - Giorgio Agamben, The Open: Man and Animal, trans. Kevin Attell (Stanford: Stan-
ford University Press, 2004), 26. - Paul Shepard, Thinking Animals: Animals and the Development of Human Intelli-
gence (New York: Viking, 1978), and The Others: How Animals Made Us Human
(Washington, DC: Shearwater, 1996). - Jacques Derrida, The Animal That Therefore I Am, ed. Marie-Louise Mallet, trans.
David Wills (New York: Fordham University Press, 2008), 13. - Ibid., 14.
- This is similar to Matthew Calarco’s approach of “indistinction” toward nonhuman
animals in which “the human/animal distinction... no longer serves as a guardrail
for thought and practice.” Calarco, “Identity, Difference, Indistinction,” CR: The New
Centennial Review 11, no. 2 (2012): 54. - Tim Ingold, introduction to What Is an Animal, ed. Tim Ingold (London: Unwin
Hyman, 1988), 4. The essays in this book explore various approaches to defining ani-
mality more precisely and inclusively. - The work of the historian Harriet Ritvo is especially relevant here: The Animal Estate
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987), and The Platypus and the Mermaid,
and Other Figments of the Classifying Imagination (Cambridge: Harvard University
Press, 1997). - Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Major Works, ed. H. J. Jackson (Oxford: Oxford Uni-
versity Press, 1985). - See, for instance, George Boas, The Happy Beast (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press,
1933), which examines the figuring of animals to reflect a critique of humanity dur-
ing the French Renaissance. - The Selected Poems of Wendell Berry (Berkeley: Counterpoint, 1998), 36.
- W. H. Auden, Collected Poems (New York: Vintage, 1991), 849.
- Ibid., 868, 890.
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