0851996884.pdf

interpretation of this list is difficult because
it does not constitute an independent sam-
ple of all parasitoid species. One might
expect that the frequency of unisexual
reproduction would be high particularly
for solitary species and species with
extremely small individuals, because for
them the encounter between the sexes

might be the most difficult. Indeed several

trichogrammatid and mymarid genera

appear to be well represented. However,

being small is not a prerequisite for unisex-

ual reproduction, because some of the

largest parasitic wasps species also have

unisexual biotypes, e.g. Pelecinus polyturator

(Johnson and Musetti, 1998).

Use of Unisexual Wasps as Biocontrol Agents 99

Table 8.1.Continued.

Taxa References

Chalcidoidea(Continued)
Trichogrammatidae (Continued)
Trichogramma kaykai Stouthamer and Kazmer (1994); Pinto et al.(1997)
Trichogramma oleae Pointelet al.(1979)
Trichogramma pintoi Wang and Zhang (1988)
Trichogramma platneri Stouthameret al.(1990a); Pinto (1998)
Trichogramma pretiosum Orphanides and Gonzalez (1970); Rodriguez et al.(1996)
Trichogramma semblidis Pintureauet al.(2000)
Trichogramma telengai Sorakina (1987)

Leucospidae

Leucospis gigas Berland (1934)

Pelecinoidea
Pelecinus polyturator Brues (1928); Johnson and Musetti (1998)

Proctutropoidea
Amitus bennetti Viggiani and Evans (1992)
Amitus fuscipennis Viggiani (1991); Manzano et al.(2000)
Platygaster virgo Day (1971)
Telonomus dignus van der Goot (1915)
Telenomus nakagawai Hokyo and Kiritani (1966)
Telenomus nawai Arakakiet al.(2000)

Cynipoidea
Hexacolasp. James (1928)
Hexacolasp. near websteri Eskafi and Legner (1974)
Leptopilina austalis Werren et al.(1995)
Leptopilina clavipes Eijs and van Alphen (1999)
Phaenoglyphis ambrosiae Andrews (1978)

Bethylidea
Scleroderma immigrans Bridwell (1929); Keeler (1929a, b)

Trigonalyidae

Taeniogonalos venatoria Weinstein and Austin (1996)

Dryinidae
Gonatopus contortus Perkins (1905a)
Gonatopus sepsoides Waloff (1974)
Haplogonatopus hernandazae Pilar Hernandez and Belloti (1984)
Haplogonatopus vitiensis Clausen (1978)