Lewis, W.J. and Tumlinson, J.H. (1988) Host detection by chemically mediated associative teaming in a
parasitic wasp. Nature 331, 257–259.
Lewis, W.J., Jones, R.L., Nordlund, D.A. and Sparks, A.N. (1975a) Kairomones and their use for manage-
ment of entomophagous insects. I. Evaluation for increasing rates of parasitization by Trichogramma
spp. in the field. Journal of Chemical Ecology 1, 343–347.
Lewis, W.J., Jones, R.L., Nordlund, D.A. and Gross, H.R. (1975b) Kairomones and their use for manage-
ment of entomophagous insects. II. Mechanism causing increase in rates of parasitization by
Trichogramma spp. in the field. Journal of Chemical Ecology1, 349–360.
Lewis, W.J., Beevers, M.D., Nordlund, D.A., Gross, H.R. and Hagen, K.S. (1979) Kairomones and their use
for management of entomophagous insects. IX. Investigations of various kairomone-treatment pat-
terns for Trichogramma spp.Journal of Chemical Ecology5, 673–680.
Lewis, W.J., Nordlund, D.A. and Gueldner, R.C. (1981) Semiochemicals influencing behavior of ento-
mophages: roles and strategies for their employment in pest control. In:Les Médiateurs Chimiques.
Les Colloques de l’INRA, Paris, pp. 225–242.
Lewis, W.J., Nordlund, D.A., Gueldner, R.C., Teal, P.E.A. and Tumlinson, J.H. (1982) Kairomones and
their use for management of entomophagous insects. XIII. Kairomonal activity for Trichogramma
spp. of abdominal tips, excretion and a synthetic sex pheromone blend of Heliothis zea (Boddie)
moths.Journal of Chemical Ecology8, 695–701.
Lewis, W.J., Gross, H.R. and Nordlund, D.A. (1985) Behavior manipulation of Trichogramma
(Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Southwestern Entomologist8, 138–155.
Lewis, W.J., van Lenteren, J.C., Phatak, S.C. and Tumlinson, J.H. (1997) A total systems approach to sus-
tainable pest management. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA94, 12243–12248.
Lewis, W.J., Stapel, J.O., Cortesero, A.M. and Takasu, K. (1998) Understanding how parasitoids balance
food and host needs: importance to biological control. Biological Control11, 175–183.
Luck, R.F. and Uygun, N. (1986) Host recognition and selection by Aphytis species: response to California
red, oleander, and cactus scale cover extracts. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 40, 129–136.
Matthews, R.W. and Matthews, J.R. (1978) Insect Behavior.John Wiley & Sons, New York, 507 pp.
Mollema, C. (1988) Heritability of host selection behaviour of Asobara tabida. In: Genetical aspects of resis-
tance in a host–parasitoid interaction. PhD thesis, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands,
pp. 99–107.
Nishida, T. (1956) An experimental study of the ovipositional behavior of Opius fletcheriSilvestri
(Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasite of the melon fly. Proceedings Hawaiian Entomological Society
16, 126–134.
Noldus, L.P.J.J., Lewis, W.J., Tumlinson, J.H. and van Lenteren, J.C. (1988) Olfactometer and windtunnel
experiments on the role of sex pheromones of noctuid moths in the foraging behaviour of
Trichogramma spp. In: Voegele, J., Waage, J. and van Lenteren, J.C. (eds) Proceedings of the 2nd
International Symposium on Trichogramma and Other Egg Parasites, 10–15 November 1986, Guangzhou,
China. Les Colloques de l’INRA 43, Paris, pp. 223–238.
Noldus, L.P.J.J., van Lenteren, J.C. and Lewis, W.J. (1990) How Trichogrammaparasitoids use moth sex
pheromones as kairomones: orientation behaviour in a wind tunnel. Physiological Entomology16,
313–327.
Nordlund, D.A., Lewis, W.J. and Altieri, M.A. (1988) Influence of plant-derived semiochemicals on host/
prey selection behavior of entomophagous insects. In: Barbosa, P. and Letourneau, L.D. (eds) Novel
Aspects of Insect–Plant Interactions.John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 65–90.
Pak, G.A. (1988) Selection of Trichogramma for inundative biological control. PhD thesis, Agricultural
University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Papaj, D.R. and Prokopy, R.J. (1989) Ecological and evolutionary aspects of learning in phytophagous
insects. Annual Review of Entomology 34, 315–350.
Papaj, D.R. and Rausher, M.D. (1987) Genetic differences and phenotypic plasticity as causes of variation
in oviposition preference in Battua philenor. Oecologia 74, 24–30.
Prévost, G. and Lewis, W.J. (1990) Genetic differences in the response of Microplitis croceipes to volatile
semiochemicals. Journal of Insect Behavior 3, 277–287.
Roughgarden, J. (1979) Theory of Population Genetics and Evolutionary Ecology: an Introduction. Macmillan,
New York, 612 pp.
Salt, G. (1935) Experimental studies in insect parasitism. III. Host selection. Proceedings Royal Society,
London, Series B, Biological Sciences 117, 413–435.
56 W.J. Lewiset al.