simultaneously characterized are definitely beneficial, which may
help us obtain deep-view comprehensive information of biology
at the cellular level. Currently the detection resolution of flow
cytometry is several hundreds of molecules at the single-cell level,
and further improvements in the detection resolution help locate
new functionalities of proteins with low copy numbers. As to the
throughput, mass cytometry still lags behind flow cytometry, and
further work in this field is also suggested.Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the discussions with Xiu-
feng Li, Deyong Chen, and Dong Men and financial supports from
the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program,
Grant No. 2014CB744600), National Natural Science Foundation
of China (Grant No. 61431019, 61671430), Key Project of Chi-
nese Academy of Sciences (QYZDB-SSW-JSC011), Natural Sci-
ence Foundation of Beijing (4152056), Instrument Development
Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing NOVA Pro-
gram of Science and Technology, and Youth Innovation Promotion
Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences.References
- Kim MS, Pinto SM, Getnet D, Nirujogi RS,
Manda SS, Chaerkady R, Madugundu AK,
Kelkar DS, Isserlin R, Jain S, Thomas JK,
Muthusamy B, Leal-Rojas P, Kumar P, Sahas-
rabuddhe NA, Balakrishnan L, Advani J,
George B, Renuse S, Selvan LD, Patil AH,
Nanjappa V, Radhakrishnan A, Prasad S,
Subbannayya T, Raju R, Kumar M, Sreeniva-
samurthy SK, Marimuthu A, Sathe GJ,
Chavan S, Datta KK, Subbannayya Y,
Sahu A, Yelamanchi SD, Jayaram S,
Rajagopalan P, Sharma J, Murthy KR,
Syed N, Goel R, Khan AA, Ahmad S, Dey G,
Mudgal K, Chatterjee A, Huang TC,
Zhong J, Wu X, Shaw PG, Freed D, Zahari
MS, Mukherjee KK, Shankar S, Mahadevan A,
Lam H, Mitchell CJ, Shankar SK,
Satishchandra P, Schroeder JT,
Sirdeshmukh R, Maitra A, Leach SD, Drake
CG, Halushka MK, Prasad TS, Hruban RH,
Kerr CL, Bader GD, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA,
Gowda H, Pandey A (2014) A draft map of
the human proteome. Nature 509
(7502):575–581.https://doi.org/10.1038/
nature13302 - Savage N (2015) Proteomics: high-protein
research. Nature 527(7576):S6–S7.https://
doi.org/10.1038/527S6a
3. Phizicky E, Bastiaens PI, Zhu H, Snyder M,
Fields S (2003) Protein analysis on a proteo-
mic scale. Nature 422(6928):208–215.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01512
4. Hanash S (2003) Disease proteomics. Nature
422(6928):226–232. https://doi.org/10.
1038/nature01514
5. Ma C, Fan R, Elitas M (2013) Single cell
functional proteomics for assessing immune
response in cancer therapy: technology, meth-
ods, and applications. Front Oncol 3:133.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2013.00133
6. Wei W, Shin YS, Ma C, Wang J, Elitas M,
Fan R, Heath JR (2013) Microchip platforms
for multiplex single-cell functional proteo-
mics with applications to immunology and
cancer research. Genome Med 5(8):75.
https://doi.org/10.1186/gm479
7. Yu J, Zhou J, Sutherland A, Wei W, Shin YS,
Xue M, Heath JR (2014) Microfluidics-based
single-cell functional proteomics for funda-
mental and applied biomedical applications.
Annu Rev Anal Chem 7:275–295.https://
doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-071213-
020323
8. Su Y, Shi Q, Wei W (2017) Single cell proteo-
mics in biomedicine: High-dimensional data
302 Beiyuan Fan et al.