Monteverde : Ecology and Conservation of a Tropical Cloud Forest

Scientific Namea Common Name Distribution^13 Habitat Stratum^0

CLASS REPTILIA

Leptodrymus pulcherrimus

Leptophis ahaetulla

L. mexicanus

L. nebulosus

Liophis epinephalus

Mastigodryas melanolomus

Ninia maculata

N. psephota

Oxybelis aeneus

O. brevirostris

O. fulgidus

Pseustes poecilonotus

Rhadinaea calligaster

R. decorata

R. serperaster

Scaphiodontophis annulatus (6)

Scolecophis atrocinctus

Sibon annulatus

S. dimidiatus

S. longifrenis

Spilotes pullatus

Stenorrhina freminvillii

Tantilla armillata

T. ruficeps (7)

T. schistosa

T. supracincta (8)

T. reticulate^

Trimetopon gracile

T. pliolepis

T. simile

T. slevini

Urotheca decipiens (9)

U. euryzona (10)

U. guentheri (9)

Xenodon rhabdocephalus

Family Elapidae

Micrurus alleni

M. nigrocinctus

Family Typhlopidae

Typhlops costaricensis

Family Viperidae

Bothrops asper

Bothriechis lateralis

B. nigroviridis

B. schegelii

Green-headed Racer

Green Parrot Snake

Mexican Parrot Snake

Bronze-striped Parrot Snake

Fire-bellied Snake

Salmon-bellied Racer

Spotted Wood Snake

Upland Wood Snake

Brown Vine Snake

Short-snouted Vine Snake

Green Vine Snake

Bird-eating Snake

Green Litter Snake

Pink-bellied Litter Snake

Striped Litter Snake

Skink-eater

Harlequin Snake

Caribbean Banded Snail-eater

Pacific Banded Snail-eater

Licheny Snail-eater

Mica

Scorpion-eater

Striped Crowned Snake

Orange-bellied Crowned Snake

Red-tailed Crowned Snake

Tricolored Crowned Snake

Reticulate Crowned Snake

Slender Dwarf Snake

Faded Dwarf Snake

White-bellied Dwarf Snake

Slevin's Dwarf Snake

Long-tailed Litter Snake

Halloween Snake

Orange-bellied Litter Snake

False Fer-de-lance

Allen's Coral Snake

Central American Coral Snake

Costa Rican Blind Snake

Terciopelo

Green Palm Viper

Green-and-black Palm Viper

Eyelash Viper

\

l

12

2 3

123

123

2 3

12

123

3

23

1 2

23

23

2

1 2

1 2

123

2

23

2 3

2

3

2

2 3

12

123

2 3

1

123

23

1 2

4 6

456

6

4 E

6

456

6

45 E

6

456 E

6

56

4

6

6

6

6

1 E

4

4 E

E

4 5

6

45

6

5 6

456 E

4 E

6

T C C C T T T T C C C C T T T T C C C C C T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T S T C C C

aSpecies with numbered superscripts are listed in previous checklists under the following names: 1, Chiroptriton picador, 2, Centrolenella; 3, Anolis;
4,b Masticophis; 5, Senticolis; 6, Scaphiodontophis venustissimus; 7, Tantilla melanocephala; 8, Tantilla annulata; 9, Rhadinaea; 10, Pilocercus.
Numbers correspond to altitudinal zones: (1) Pacific slope (690-1300 m); (2) Pacific slope (1300-1450 m); (3) upper Pacific slope to the vicinity of
the Continental Divide (1450-1600 m); (4) Continental Divide, including the highest peaks (to about 1850 m), down to 1450 m on the upper Carib-
bean slope; (5) Caribbean slope (950-1450 m); (6) Caribbean slope (600-950 m). Underlining of a zone number indicates that a species was rare in
that zone (or there were no recent records) prior to the declines (see sec. 5.1.1,p. 151). E = endemic species = restricted to the uplands of Costa Rica
and western Panama (west of the Canal Zone). Scorings are conservative (underestimating the number of endemics) inasmuch as further study may
show extralimital populations of some upland forms to be separate species (e.g., Phyllomedusa lemur in eastern Panama; J. Savage, pers. comm).
For these scorings I have relied on numerous works (Myers and Rand 1969, Savage and Heyer 1969, Duellman 1970, 1990, Savage 1972, 1975,
Starrett and Savage 1973, Wake and Lynch 1976, Savage and Talbot 1978, Lynch 1979, Scott et al., 1983, Peters et al. 1986, Savage and Villa 1986,
Wake 1987, Villa et al. 1988, Campbell and Lamar 1989, Donnelly 1994, Guyer 1994). Presence-absence patterns are given for anurans only (for the
studyC area of Pounds et al. 1997; see text). A = absent in 1990 but reappeared in 1991-94; M = missing throughout 1990-94.

dS = subterranean; T = terrestrial; and C = climbing on aboveground vegetation (i.e., semiarboreal or arboreal).
eAll tropical salamanders are bolitoglossine plethodontids (supergenus Bolitoglossa; Wake 1987).
Bolitoglossa "subpalmata" is probably a separate species from the nominal form (D. Wake, pers. comm.).
Currently being described as a new species of Nototriton by D. Wake.
%Oedipinah uniformis is a separate species from the lowland forms of O. "uniformis" such as that listed for La Selva by Donnelly (1994).
New (not included on previous checklists).
iThis is the only species that has reappeared in the study area of Pounds et al. since 1990-94. It reappeared in 1997.

540 Appendix 8