Monteverde : Ecology and Conservation of a Tropical Cloud Forest

phylogeny, 75, 282
Phytolacca rivinoides, 264, 283-286
phytophagy, 125, 126
phytotoxemia, 409
Pieridae, 120
pines, 69
Pin-striped Treefrog. See Hyla
angu stillin ea ta
pioneer plants. See colonization
Piperaceae, 338, 345
piping, 24
pit vipers, 163, 168
plant-animal interactions, 117, 245,
246-256, 261-262
patterns in, 262-263
plants
ecology and distribution of, 66—67,
424
growth forms, 50-61, 519-522
pioneer. See colonization
regeneration via fragments, 88
resources for identification, 63-64
role in hydrology, 30
secondary, 47
seed dispersal and reproductive
success, 263-266
as source for medicinal
compounds, 431, 432,
452-453
species list of vascular, 457—518
species richness and diversity, 50
in swamps, 24
types, 39, 41
water storage capacity, 31
plate tectonics, 20
Platypodidae, 117-118
Plecoptera, 96
Poaceae, 51
Poco Sol, 367
Podocarpaceae, pollination of, 249
pointer hypothesis, 199, 216-218
politics, 366
pollen
availability and bee activity, 137
delivery of, 251-252
dispersal, 255, 259
records, 26
pollination, 86, 201, 246, 247t, 253,
435
during adverse weather, 65
by bats, 247
by bees, 139, 249
by beetles, 248
by birds, 200, 247, 276
by butterflies and moths, 248
competition for, 262
deceit, 279-281
by flies, 124, 248
and floral sexual systems, 251-252
by mammals, 249-250
patterns, 254-255
by rodents, 228, 241
role of nectar, 250
by wind, 249
pollinator effectiveness, 252
pollinator preference, 280

pollution, 161, 324, 352, 367, 428,

446

from coffee processing, 402

and pasture burning, 411

polygyny, in bark beetles, 117

polymorphism, in wasps, 132

Pompilidae, 125

Ponerinae, 133, 134

pools, and frog breeding, 164, 173

population biology, 170, 266, 429

of bees, 139

of birds, 195-198, 419

of mice, 228

of plants, 66-67

population bottlenecks, 422

population declines, 421

population density

and chemical defense, 122

of frogs, 166-167, 173

in mice, 238

of treehoppers, 104

population sizes, effective, 422

Portland Audubon Society, 362

potassium, 324, 326, 391

turnover time for, 334

Potos flavus (Kinkajou), 239f

poultry production, 405

sustainability of, 407

Powell, George, 179, 355, 356f, 357,

371

precipitation, 8, 17-20, 29, 34t, 41, 391

daily variation, 171

ionic activity of, 326t, 327t

in life zones, 183

nutrient inputs, 324-325, 332

patterns, 162

seasonality of, 16

predation

avoidance of, 186

of birds, 196, 197t, 208

as a selective pressure, 207

predators, 430

effect of habitat fragmentation on,

422

prehistoric cultures, 408—409

premontane forest, 42, 43

preservation, 352, 432-433. See also

conservation

prey choice, role in evolution of

wasp colors, 131

prey density, 161, 166, 168

principal components analysis,

310

productivity, of elfin forests, 304

Productores de Monteverde, 393

Pro sap ia, 409-410

Psammisia rami flora, 267

psyllids (Psylloidea), 101, 104-105

species list and hosts of, 532-534

publicity, 355

Pygmy Rice Mouse. See

Oligoryzomys fulvescens

Quakers, 3, 4, 351, 354, 356-357,

369, 377, 378, 380, 391

and dairy industry, 392-393

Quebrada Guacimal, 446-448

quebradas. See ravines, tributary

quetzals. See Resplendent quetzals

Quiscalus mexicanus (Great-tailed

Crackle), 419

rainfall, 41. See also precipitation

Rainforest Alliance, 363

Rain Forest Partners, 364

rain frogs

breeding systems of, 163

changes in populations in, 167

oviposition and parental care, 164

rainshadow, 42

Rana forreri (Green-eyed Frog), 157

rare species, 421, 425, 429

rats, pollination by, 275-276

ravines, tributary, 22

recolonization, 157, 422

after landslides, 26

of Lauraceous trees, 442-444

recycling, 360

Red-eyed Stream Frog. See Hyla

uranochroa

redstarts, foraging behavior, 188

Reduviidae, 99-100

reforestation, 364, 365-367, 371, 373,

400, 450

regeneration, 88, 309, 313

Reithrodontomys creper (Chiriqui

Harvest Mouse), 228, 241

as beetle host, 229

Reithrodontomys gracilis (Slender

Harvest Mouse), 237

release calls, 163

reproduction

age at first, 428

in army ants, 133

asexual, 88

in birds, 190-191

in mice, 228, 238-239

photoperiod and suppression of, 227

in spittlebugs, 102

in wood nymphs, 119-120

reproductive behavior, of scale

insects, 105

reproductive ecology, of amphibians

and reptiles, 163-166

reproductive isolation, 77

reptiles

abundance of, 158-159

biodiversity of, 423

changes in populations of, 153,

157-166, 170

effect of habitat changes on, 424

geography and history of,

155-157

habitat use, 167-168

sources of mortality in, 161

species list of, 538-540

research, 224, 360-361, 431

reserves, designing, 202

residential expansion, effect on

conservation, 424

Resplendent Quetzal. See

Pharomachrus mocinno

570 Index