Innovations in Dryland Agriculture

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Table 1

The natural enemies of important insect pests of dryland crops

Predator/ Parasitoid

Group

Beneficial insect or invertebrate

Target host/prey

Predators

Beetles

Ladybirds (Coccinellidae), red and blue beetles (

Dicranolaius bellulus

G.), green carab

beetles (

Calosoma schayeri

E.), green soldier beetles (

Chauliognathus pulchellus

M.)

Aphids, mites, thrips, mealybugs, moth eggs including

Heliothis

spp.

and larvae

Bugs

Assassin bugs (Reduviidae), bigeyed bugs (

Geocoris lubra

K.), brown smudge bugs

(Deraeocoris signatus

D.), damsel bugs (

Nabis kingbergii

R.), glossy shield bug

(Cermatulus nasalis

W.), pirate bug (

Orius spp.

), apple dimple bug (

Campylomma

liebknectic

G.), spined predatory shield bug (

Oechalia schellenbergii

G.), broken backed

bug (

Taylorilygus pallidulus

B.)

Aphids, diamondback moth, eggs and larvae of

Heliothis

spp., cutworms

(Spodoptera litura

F.), false loopers

Flies

Hoverfly larvae (Syrphidae)

Aphids

Mites

Predatory mites from different families ( Anystidae, Bdellidae, Erythraeida, Parasitidae and Cunaxidae)

Blue oat mite, lucerne flea, red legged earth mite

Lacewings

Green lacewing (

Mallada signatus

S.), brown lacewing (

Micromus tasmaniae

W. )

Aphids, moth larvae and eggs, whitefly, thrips, mites and mealybugs

Spiders

Variety of species including wolf spiders, nights talking spiders, orb weavers, tangle web spiders, flower spiders, jumping spiders and lynx spiders

Predators or a range of insect pests

Parasitoids

Sucking insect parasitoids

Trioxys complanatus

Q.

, Aphidius ervi

H.,

Lysiphlebus testaceipes

C.,

Aphidius colemani

V.

Aphids

Eretmocerus

spp. and

Encarsia

spp. including

Encarsia Formosa

G.

Whitefly

Chewing insect parasitoids

Hymenoptera: Numerous parasitic wasps including banded caterpillar parasite (Ichneumon promissorius

E.), two-toned caterpillar parasite (

Heteropelma scaposum

M.)

(Ichneumonidae),

Microplitis demolitor

W.,

Cotesia

spp

. (Braconidae)

Heliothis

and other moth larvae

Sorghum midge parasites (

Eupelmus australiensis

G.,

Aprostocetus diplosidis

C.,

Tetrastichus

spp.)

Sorghum midge

Tachinid flies

Heliothis

, looper, armyworm,

grasshopper and other larvae

Egg parasitoids

Hymenoptera:

Trichogramma

(Trichogrammatidae) and

Telenomus

(Scelionidae) egg

parasitoids

Helicoverpa

and other Lepidopteran

insect pests

Trissolcus basalis

W.

Green vegetable bug

Source:

Getanjaly et

al. (

2015

), Dixon (

2000

), and Eggleton and Belshaw (

1992

)

Insect-Pests in Dryland Agriculture and their Integrated Management