Innovations in Dryland Agriculture

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Table 4

List of biorational and innovative insecticides for ecofriendly and sustainable management of insect pests in dryland ecosystems

Categories

Chemical molecules/compounds

Category/type/example of target insect pests of dry ecosystem

Mode of action

References

Biorational insecticidesBrain hormone (BH)

Proctolin

Insect pest complex

Disrupt calcium influx

Dhaliwal et

al.

(^2006

)

Juvenile hormone (JH)

JH-0, JH-I, JH-II, JH-III, JH-B3 and methyl farnesoate

Insect pest complex

Ecdysis disruption

Bowers et

al.

(^1965

)

Chitin sysnthesis inhibitor (CSIs)

Diflubenzuron, chlorfluazuron, teflubenzuron, buprofezin, plumbagin

Sucking and chewing insect pest

Ovicidal, chemosterilant activities, molting disruption

Dhaliwal et

al.

(^2006

)

Molting hormones (MH)

ecdysone (20-hydroxyecdysone, 26-hydroxyecdysone, 20, 26-dihydroxyecdysone), ecdysteroids and ecdysterone (makisterone-A, 20-deoxymakisterone)

Sucking and chewing insect pest

Disrupt molting, growth and maturation of insects

Dhaliwal et

al.

(^2006

)

Sclerotization disruptors

MON-0585 (ditertiary butyl alcohol), DD

Dipteran, Lepidopterans and Coleopterans

Disrupt the metabolism and deposition of phenolic compounds, proteins and other compounds required for cuticular stabilization

Dhaliwal et

al.

(^2006

)

PheromonesSex pheromones

Dodecatrienol, dodecadienol, neocembrene, trilinolein, decadienal, dodecanal

Termites

Male attractant

Costa-Leonardo et

al. (

2009

)

A. Nawaz et al.