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Table 4(continued)CategoriesChemical molecules/compoundsCategory/type/example of target insect pests of dry ecosystemMode of actionReferencescis and trans forms of propylure (10-propyl-trans-5,9-tridecadienyl acetate)Pink bollworm,PectinophoragossypiellaS.Male attractantJacobson (^1969)(Z)-11-hexadecenal, (Z)-9-hexadecenal,(Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol and hexadecanalStriped rice stem borer,ChilosuppressalisW. and yellow stemborer,Scirpophaga incertulasW.Male attractantCork etal.(^1985)(Z)11-hexadecenal/(Z)9-hexadecenal/(Z)7-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald)Helicoverpa zeaB.Male attractantLopez etal.(^1991)(Z)-11-hexadecenal 90–99 % + (Z)-9-
hexadecenal 10–1 %Helicoverpa armigeraH.Male attractantZhang etal.(^2012)Phenyl propanoidsMost fruit fliesMale attractantTrimedlure [t-Butyl-2-methyl-4-chlorocyclohexanecarboxylate]Mediterranean fruit fly,CeratitiscapitateW.Male attractantBeroza etal.(^1961)Cuelure[4-(p-acetoxyphenyl)-2-butanone]Melon fly,Dacus cucurbitaeMale attractantMethyl eugenol (ME) (4-allyl-1, 2-dimethoxybenzene-carboxylate) and raspberry ketone (RK) (4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone)Most fruit fliesMale attractantVargas etal.(^2010)A. Nawaz et al.