Produce Degradation Pathways and Prevention

117
0-8493-1902-1/05/$0.00+$1.50
© 2005 by CRC Press

5

Packaging and Produce

Degradation

Patrick Varoquaux

INRA, Avignon, France and Ecole Nationale Supérieure

Agronomique de Montpellier, Montpellier, France

Ibrahim Sani Ozdemir

METU, Ankara, Turkey and Avignon University, Avignon, France

CONTENTS

5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 118
5.2 MAP Optimization ....................................................................................... 118
5.2.1 Respiration Rates ............................................................................. 118
5.2.1.1 How to Measure Respiration Rates.................................. 120
5.2.1.2 Influence of Temperature.................................................. 121
5.2.1.3 Influence of Gas Composition on Respiration
Rate and Physiological Disorders .................................... 122
5.2.1.4 Influence of Other Parameters.......................................... 125
5.2.2 Optimal Gas Composition ............................................................... 127
5.2.2.1 Determination Procedure (Controlled Atmosphere) ........ 127
5.2.2.2 Effect of Gas on Ethylene Biosynthesis and Action ....... 128
5.2.2.3 Effect of Other Gases ....................................................... 129
5.2.2.4 Effect of Gas on Microorganisms .................................... 130
5.2.2.5 Effect of Gas on Quality Attributes ................................. 133
5.3 Packaging Conditions .................................................................................. 141
5.3.1 Modified Atmosphere Packaging ..................................................... 141
5.3.2 Principal Properties of Films ........................................................... 143
5.3.3 Simulation of Modified Atmospheres.............................................. 143
5.4 Conclusion.................................................................................................... 144
5.4.1 Water Transmission Rate ................................................................. 145
5.4.2 Consumer Acceptance of Appearance and Handling ...................... 145
5.4.3 Industrial Acceptability of the Film’s Mechanical Resistance,
Compatibility with Packaging Machines, Thermo-Sealability,
and Printing Qualities ...................................................................... 146
References.............................................................................................................. 146