94 Invasive Stink Bugs and Related Species (Pentatomoidea)
in appearance to some members of the discocephaline tribe Ochlerini. Kumar (1969a) stated “Janeirona
is transferred to Pentatomidae and probably deserves a tribal status in Pentatominae close to Menecles
(Figure 2.29B) and Euschistus (Figure 2.20A), which it resembles in possessing a long filiform tail.”
The genera Pharypia and Ramosiana Kormilev are relatively large and colorful New World genera,
marked with various reds, yellows, and other colors. The species of Pharypia (Figure 2.31G) espe-
cially have a strong resemblance to species of Arocera (Figure 2.29D), but they have traditionally been
separated from Arocera et affinia because they have an abdominal spine. Now that Arocera and related
genera have tentatively been placed within the Catacanthini, perhaps Pharypia should be considered
similarly. There are members of the Catacanthini that have abdominal spines.
The genus Sabaeus Stål is also somewhat enigmatic. Members of this genus are green and usually
remain green after death. They strongly resemble members of the Rhynchocorini, but the rhynchoco-
rines nearly always fade to yellow after death, and Sabaeus lacks the characteristic sternal structure of
the rhynchocorines. An argument could be made to place them in the Nezarini except that their general
shape is different from nezarines. There are currently other members of the Pentatomini that are green in
color (e.g., the New World genus Banasa [Figure 2.31D]) but, again, their placement in this tribe is only
tentative. Finally, the dorsal habitus and coloration of Amirantea Distant is more reminiscent of members
of the tribe Antestiini than those in the Pentatomini.
Relatively recent revisionary treatments exist for the following pentatomine genera: Adevoplitus
(Grazia and Becker 1997), Amblycara (Tsai and Rédei 2014), Bifurcipentatoma Fan and Liu (Fan and
Liu 2012), Lelia (Fan and Liu 2010b), Marghita Ruckes (Grazia and Koehler 1983), Neotibilis Grazia and
Barcellos (Grazia and Barcellos 1994, Bernardes et al. 2006), Phalaecus (Grazia 1983), Pseudevoplitus
(Thomas 1980; Grazia et al. 1995, 2002, 2016b), Ramivena Fan and Liu (Fan and Liu 2010a), Serdia Stål
(Becker 1967b, Thomas and Rolston 1985, Fortes and Grazia 2005), Stictochilus (Rolston and Rider
1986), Ta urocer us (Grazia and Barcellos 2005), and Tibilis (Barcellos and Grazia 1993).
Members of the genera Pentatoma (Figure 2.31C) and Rhaphigaster (Figure 2.31H) are known to be
aboreal, living on various leafy trees.
2.2.10.7.35 Phricodini Cachan, 1952
This tribe contains a single genus (Phricodus) and seven species (Table 2.3), all of which are quite
different from other known pentatomine species. This genus has been moved in and out of the Halyini
several times (Stichel 1961, Memon et al. 2011). Cachan (1952) was the first to place it in its own tribe.
More recently, Linnavuori (1982) stated that Phricodus differed drastically from members of the Halyini
(body structure, genitalia), and finally concluded that “the genus had an isolated position within the
African Pentatominae.” Memon et al. (2011) included Phricodus in their phylogenetic analysis of the
South Asian halyine genera; they concluded that Phricodus should be a member of the Halyini, but their
methodology has been questioned (Barão et al. 2012).
These species are relatively small in size, pale to dark brown, and profusely spinose (Figure 2.31I).
The apices of the juga are spinose, the antennifers are spinose, there is a large anteocular spine just in front
of the compound eyes, and the lateral margins of the pronotum have five to six long spines, some of which
bifurcate. The antennae are four-segmented; segment II is enlarged distally, and the apical two segments
are much enlarged and spindle-shaped. The dorsal surface of the body has numerous erect bristles (best
seen in lateral view). The prosternum and mesosternum are shallowly sulcate with the mesosternum hav-
ing a weak medial carina. The ostiolar rugae are medium in length, spout-like, and detached apically; and
the associated evaporative area is relatively large and sharply delimited. The tarsi are three- segmented
with segment II rather small. The scutellum is triangular and elongate, and the scutellar tongue is sharply
acuminate apically. The male pygophore has a pair of long hinged processes directed caudad; the param-
eres are quite small. The spermathecal bulb is simple, ball-shaped, and lacks projections.
The genus was revised recently by Göllner-Scheiding (1999).
2.2.10.7.36 Piezodorini Atkinson, 1888
Stål (1876) keyed Piezodorus out by itself, vaguely indicating that it might deserve a higher grouping.
Atkinson (1888) formally named this group the Piezodoraria, and included within it only Piezodorus and
Ambiorix. Ambiorix is now considered to be a member of the Diplostirini.