Invasive Stink Bugs and Related Species (Pentatomoidea)

Nezara viridula ( L .) 359

1961-1962

50 km

Tsu

Kyoto Otsu

Nara

Osaka

Wakayama

35°N

34°N

135°E 136°E 137°E

A

1999-2007

50 km

Tsu

Kyoto Otsu

Nara

Osaka

Wakayama

35°N

34°N

135°E 136°E 137°E

D

1

3

2

B

2011-2012

50 km

Tsu

E

Nara

Osaka

Wakayama

35°N

34°N

135°E 136°E 137°E

C

2011-2012

Kyoto

Hirakata

5 km

Otsu

Kitayama

Yamashina

E

2006-2007

Kyoto

Hirakata

5 km

Otsu

Kitayama

Yamashina

D

FIGURE 7.3 The shift of the northern limit of distribution of Nezara viridula in central Japan from the early 1960s (A,
Data from K. Kiritani, N. Hokyo, and J. Yukawa, Researches on Population Ecology 5: 11–22, 1963, and K. Kiritani,
Proceedings of the Symposium on Rice Insects, Tropical Agricultural Research Center, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 235–248, 1971)
to 1999–2007 (B, Data from D. Tougou, D. L. Musolin, and K. Fujisaki, Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 30:
249–258, 2009), and 2011–2012 (C, Data from J. Geshi and K. Fujisaki, Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and
Zoology 57: 151–157, 2013). Symbols: black sections, relative abundance of N. viridula; white sections, relative abun-
dance of sympatrically distributed congeneric N. antennata. Sample size: small circles, 1–50 specimens; large circles,

50 specimens. Six prefectures in central Japan are outlined and their capital cities are indicated as stars (in A, B, and C).
Elevation (simplified): dotted line, 500 m above sea level (a.s.l.); solid black line, 1,000 m a.s.l. (in A, B, and C). Maps D
and E are enlarged satellite photographs of rectangular boxes from maps B and C, respectively, showing elevation (dark
areas are higher in elevation than pale areas). In addition to the data from the 2006–2007 field survey, the following data
points are included (numbered on map B): (1) data from D. L. Musolin and H. Numata, Physiological Entomology 28:
65–74, 2003a, and D. L. Musolin, Global Change Biology, 13: 1565–1585, 2007 (collected in 1999); (2) data collected
by H. Tanaka in 2003; see J. Yukawa, K. Kiritani, N. Gyoutoku, N. Uechi, D. Yamaguchi, and S. Kamitani, Applied
Entomology and Zoology, 42: 205–215, 2007); and (3) data collected by M. Morishita in 2002; see J. Yukawa, K. Kiritani,
N. Gyoutoku, N. Uechi, D. Yamaguchi, and S. Kamitani, Applied Entomology and Zoology, 42: 205–215, 2007). See text
for details. Maps A and B from D. Tougou, D. L. Musolin, and K. Fujisaki, Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata
30: 249–258, 2009, with permission; map C from J. Geshi and K. Fujisaki, Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and
Zoology 57: 151–157, 2013, with permission.