560 Invasive Stink Bugs and Related Species (Pentatomoidea)
Overwintering quarters: see Hibernation quarters
Overwintering sites: see Hibernation quarters
Packet of photoperiodic information: number of photoperiodic cycles (short days or long days) trig-
gering diapause or active physiological state. Synonym: Required day number
Parental care: complex of behavioral traits that enhance the fitness of offspring. Synonyms: Maternal
care, Care behavior, Care behavior, Maternal instinct
Partial generation: fairly common pattern in which, at the end of the appropriate season, some part of
the population gives rise to the subsequent generation whereas the other part (usually the one
that completed development somewhat later) enters diapause
Perennial seasonal cycle: see Semivoltine seasonal cycle
Phenology: (1) study of periodic plant and animal seasonal cycle events and how these events are influ-
enced by seasonal and interannual variations in climate, as well as habitat factors (such as
elevation); (2) seasonal development of a population in a particular year
Phenophase(s): particular phase(s) of seasonal development of a local population
Photoperiod: see Day length
Photoperiodic conditions: important characteristic of natural (i.e., field) conditions or laboratory regime
in terms of light; usually understood as a ratio between day length (i.e. photophase) and night
length (i.e., scotophase), but also might refer to intensity of light, its specter, duration of cycle
(in laboratory), etc.
Photoperiodic control (i.e., regulation) of the nymphal growth rate: type of photoperiodic response
that manifests itself as different rates of nymphal growth under different photoperiodic condi-
tions (e.g., acceleration of growth under short-day conditions and retardation of growth under
long-day conditions); note that some species do not have such photoperiodic response
Photoperiodic diapause termination: diapause termination that happens in response to change in
photoperiodic conditions; often considered as a result of the tachytelic process
Photoperiodic refractoriness: period of insensitivity of insects to day length; usually after
overwintering
Photoperiodic response: physiological reaction of an organism to the experienced photoperiodic con-
ditions (e.g., photoperiodic response of diapause induction). Abbreviation: PhPR
Photoperiodic response of diapause induction: (1) physiological reaction of an organism to the expe-
rienced photoperiodic conditions that manifests itself in induction of one of two alternative
physiological states – facultative diapause or active physiological state; (2) total of reactions
of a particular population or laboratory cohort
Photoperiodic threshold: see Critical photoperiod
Photophase: light part of daily cycle. Antonym: Scotophase
PhPR: see Photoperiodic response
Polymorphism: presence in a population of two or more distinct phenotypes (i.e., morphs, forms) at the
same ontogenetic stage (discontinuous variation). See Genetic polymorphism, Polyphenism
Polyphenism: special case of polymorphism when changes in frequencies of phenotypes are controlled
by environmental conditions. Synonyms: Environmental polymorphism, Ecological poly-
morphism, Conditional polyphenism
Polyvoltine seasonal cycle: see Multivoltine seasonal cycle
Polyvoltinism: see Multivoltinism
Postdiapause phase: final phase of diapause; follows termination subphase; during this phase, insect
often experience postdiapause quiescence
Postdiapause quiescence: quiescence that insects often experience in late winter and/or early spring
when active development and metabolism are exogenously (i.e., externally) inhibited
Prediapause phase: first phase of diapause during which direct development (morphogenesis) contin-
ues and diapause is induced (in species with facultative diapause) or formed (in species with
facultative diapause as well as obligate diapause)
Preparation subphase: subphase of prediapause phase during which individuals undergo behav-
ioral and/or physiological change (e.g., acquire energy resources such as lipids), void digestive