Higher Systematics of the Pentatomoidea 51
compiled information for the Neotropical species. A key to the subfamilies and tribes of American
Pentatomidae was provided by Rolston and McDonald (1979). Local monographs and checklists are
available for several countries or larger geographic areas.
2.2.10.1 Key to the Subfamilies of Pentatomidae (modified from Schuh
and Slater 1995)
1 Tarsi 2-segmented, longitudinally carinate dorsally (Figures 2.14A, B); rostrum apparently
3-segmented, flattened (Figure 2.14C); antennae 5-segmented, with antennal segments II and V
enlarged, inflated, segment III small; Neotropics (Figures 2.13F, 2.14D, 2.27L) ....Stirotarsinae
1’ Tarsi usually 3-segmented, if 2-segmented then lacking longitudinal carina dorsally; ros-
trum clearly 4-segmented, rounded (not flattened); antennae may be 3 to 5 segmented, but
never with both segments II and V enlarged or inflated and segment III small ................... 2
2(1) Scutellum enlarged, covering most of abdomen (lateral margins uncovered) (Figure 2.27A);
pronotum curves downward and posteriorly, forming a large posterolateral lobe on each
side, with a large, distinct posterolateral notch that leaves a 3-4 sclerite portion of the meso-
pleural region exposed (exponium); head rather short, not extending much beyond eyes
(Figure 2.5A); Australia (Figures 2.17A, 2.27A) ..................................................Aphylinae
2’ Scutellum usually subtriangular, sometimes more expansive; pronotum not as described
above, exponium absent; head usually more elongate ........................................................... 3
3(2) Rostrum rather short, exceeding at most slightly beyond procoxae (Figures 2.1O, 2.5B);
Old World (Figures 2.18H; 2.27G, H) .......................................................Phyllocephalinae
3’ Rostrum more elongate, extending well beyond procoxae .................................................... 4
4(3) Rostrum distinctly thickened, especially segment I which does not lie entirely between buc-
culae (Figures 2.5C-E); worldwide (Figures 2.17B-F; 2.27B) .............................Asopinae
4’ Rostrum not distinctly thickened, segment I lying entirely between bucculae or only slightly
beyond posterior buccal margins of bucculae ....................................................................... 5
5(4) Antennae 3- or 4-segmented ................................................................................................. 6
5’ Antennae 5-segmented .......................................................................................................... 8
6(5) Bucculae obsolete, shorter than first rostral segment; body extremely flattened; Borneo
(Figure 2.27K) ......................................................................................................Serbaninae
6’ Bucculae well developed, nearly as long, subequal, or longer than first labial segment; body
not extremely flattened, more robust ..................................................................................... 7
7(6) Scutellum produced dorsad into a robust thorn-like projection medially (Figure 2.17G);
tarsi two-segmented; body usually gray to dark gray, covered by a very dense pubescence
composed of short and thick setae, dorsal surface rather rough; New World tropics (Figures
2.17G, 2.27C) .....................................................................................................Cyrtocorinae
7’ Scutellum usually not produced into a robust thorn-like projection, if projection is present,
then tarsi three-segmented, coloration and vestiture different and dorsal surface not roughened
(the New World edessine genus Peromatus will also key here, but it has the mesosternum pro-
duced anteriorly as a bifurcate process [Figure 2.5G]); worldwide ......Pentatominae (in part)
8(5) Metasternum produced anteriorly onto mesosternum or rarely prosternum (Figures 2.5F-H);
rostrum not surpassing mesocoxae (Figures 2.5F-H); New World (Figures 2.18E-G; 2.27F)
.................................................................................................................................Edessinae
8’ Metasternum rarely produced anteriorly onto mesosternum but if so, then rostrum extending
onto abdomen or at least to metacoxae .................................................................................. 9
9(8) Trichobothrium nearest spiracle on sternum 7 laterad of spiracular line by distance at least
equal to greatest diameter of spiracular opening (Figures 2.5I, J) ................................... 10
9’ At least one trichobothrium on sternum 7 on or mesad of spiracular line (Figure 2.5K) .... 11