Table 3.1 (continued)
Multiple Litter Relative
Described mating paternity testes
common name Scientific name Mating system common examined size* References
Thirteen-lined ground Spermophilus non-defense polygyny yes yes Schwagmeyer and
squirrel tridecemlineatus Wootner 1985
Rock squirrel Spermophilus variegatus non-defense /defense possibly Johnson 1981
polygyny
Yellow-pine chipmunk Tamias amoenus promiscuity yes yes large Schulte-Hostedde and
Millar 2002, 2004;
Schulte-Hostedde
et al. 2003
Eastern chipmunk Tamias striatus non-defense polygyny yes Yahner 1978
Douglas’ squirrel Tamiasciurus douglasii promiscuity yes Steele 1999
Pine squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus promiscuity yes Steele 1998
Cape ground squirrel Xerus inauris promiscuity yes large Waterman 1998
Northern palm squirrel Funambulus pennanti promiscuity yes Purohit et al. 1966
Malaysian tree squirrel Callosciurus caniceps promiscuity yes Tamura 1993
Formosan tree squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus non-defense polygyny yes Tamura 1995
Plantain squirrel Callosciurus notatus promiscuity yes Tamura 1993
Family Castoridae
North American beaver Castor canadensis monogamy small Jenkins and Busher
1979
European beaver Castor fiber monogamy Herr and Rosell 2004
Family Geomyidae
Botta’s pocket gopher Thomomys bottae polygyny/promiscuity possibly large Eisenberg 1966; Patton
and Feder 1981
Family Heteromyidae
Desert kangaroo rat Dipodomys deserti polygyny/promiscuity Jones 1993
Giant kangaroo rat Dipodomys ingens monogamy/polygyny/ yes Randall et al. 2002
promiscuity
Merriam’s kangaroo rat Dipodomys merriami promiscuity yes average Randall 1987a; Jones
1993
Banner-tailed kanga- Dipodomys spectabilis polygyny/promiscuity yes yes Jones 1993; Winters
roo rat and Waser 2003
Salvin’s spiny pocket Liomys salvini polygyny/promiscuity yes Jones 1993
mouse
Long-tailed pocket Chaetodipus formosus polygyny/promiscuity yes Jones 1993
mouse
Family Muridae
Bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus non-defense yes large Marchlewska-Koj et al.
polygyny/promiscuity 2003
Gapper’s red-backed Clethrionomys gapperi promiscuity yes large Heske and Ostfeld
vole 1990
Northern red-backed Clethrionomys rutilus promiscuity yes large Heske and Ostfeld
vole 1990
Beach vole Microtus breweri promiscuity yes large Heske and Ostfeld
1990
California vole Microtus californicus monogamy/polygyny small Wolff 1985a
Gray-tailed vole Microtus canicaudus polygyny/promiscuity no small Wolff et al. 1994
Montane vole Microtus montanus monogamy/polygyny/ yes small Wolff 1985a; Heske
promiscuity and Ostfeld 1990
Tundra vole Microtus oeconomus polygyny small Heske and Ostfeld
1990
Prairie vole Microtus ochrogaster monogamy small Wolff 1985a
Meadow vole Microtus pennsylvanicus promiscuity yes large Wolff 1985a
Pine vole Microtus pinetorum monogamy/ yes small Wolff 1985a; Heske
promiscuity and Ostfeld 1990
Water vole Microtus richardsoni promiscuity yes Wolff 1985a
Townsend’s vole Microtus townsendii monogamy/polygyny Lambin and Krebs
1991b