———. 1998. Sperm competition and sexual selection.London:
Academic Press.
Birkhead, T. R., A. P. Moller, and W. J. Sutherland. 1993. Why
do females make it so difficult for males to fertilize their eggs?
Journal of Theoretical Biology161 : 51– 60.
Birney, E. C. 1973. Systematics of three species of woodrats
(Genus Neotoma) in central North America. University of
Kansas, Museum of Natural History Miscellaneous Publica-
tions58 : 1–173.
Bishop, J. A., and D. J. Hartley. 1976. The size and age structure
of rural populations of Rattus norvegicuscontaining individu-
als resistant to the anticoagulant poison Warfarin. Journal of
Animal Ecology45 : 623 – 46.
Bishop, J. M., J. U. M. Jarvis, A. C. Spinks, N. C. Bennett, and
C. O’Ryan. 2004. Molecular insight into patterns of colony
composition and paternity in the common mole – ratCrypto-
mys hottentotus hottentotus.Molecular Ecology13 : 1217–29.
Bishop, M. J., and P. F. D. Chevins. 1987. Urine odours and
marking patterns in territorial laboratory mice (Mus muscu-
lus). Behavioral Processes15 : 233 – 48.
Bishop, W. W. 1962. The mammalian fauna and geomorphologi-
cal relations of the Napak volcanics, Karamoja. Uganda Geo-
logical Survey,1957–1958 : 1–18.
Bishop, W. W., J. A. Miller, and F. J. Fitch. 1969. New potassium –
argon age determinations relevant to the Miocene fossil mam-
mal sequence in East Africa. American Journal of Science
267 : 669 – 99.
Black, C. C. 1963. A review of the North American Tertiary
Sciuridae. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology,
Harvard130 : 109 –248.
———. 1972. Holarctic evolution and dispersal of squirrels
(Rodentia: Sciuridae). Evolutionary Biology6 : 305 –22.
Blackwell, B. F., P. D. Doerr, J. M. Reed, and J. R. Walters. 1995.
Inbreeding rate and effective population size: A comparison of
estimates from pedigree analysis and a demographic model.
Biological Conservation71 : 299 –304.
Blackwell, J. M. 1981. The role of the house mouse in disease
and zoonoses. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London
47 : 591– 616.
Blair, W. F. 1941. Observations on the life history of Baiomys
taylori subater. Journal of Mammalogy22 : 378 – 82.
———. 1943. Populations of the deermouse and associated small
mammals in the mesquite association of southern New Mex-
ico. Contributions from the Laboratory of Vertebrate Biology
21 : 1– 40.
———. 1951. Population structure, social behavior, and environ-
mental relations in a natural population of the beach mouse
(Peromyscus polionotus leucocephalus).Contributions from
the Laboratory of Vertebrate Biology48 : 1– 47.
Blake, B. H., and K. E. Gillet. 1988. Estrous cycle and related
aspects of reproduction in captive Asian chipmunks, Tamias
sibricus. Journal of Mammalogy69 : 598 – 603.
Blanchard, R. J., and D. C. Blanchard. 1977. Aggressive behavior
in the rat. Behavioural Biology21 : 197–224.
Blanchard, R. J., D. C. Blanchard, R. Agullana, and S. M. Weiss.
- Twenty-two kHz alarm cries to presentation of a preda-
tor by laboratory rats living in visible burrow systems. Physi-
ology and Behavior50 : 967–72.
Blanchard, R. J., K. J. Flannelly, and D. C. Blanchard. 1988. Life-
span studies of dominance and aggression in established colo-
nies of laboratory rats. Physiology and Behavior43 : 1–7.
Blanchard, R. J., J. N. Nikulina, R. R. Sakai, C. McKittrick,
B. McEwen, and D. C. Blanchard. 1998. Behavioral and endo-
crine change following chronic predatory stress. Physiology
and Behavior 63 :561– 69.
Blanckenhorn, W. U. 2000. The evolution of body size: What
keeps organisms small? Quarterly Review of Biology75 :
385 – 407.
Blaustein, A. R., M. Bekoff, J. A. Byers, and T. J. Daniels. 1991.
Kin recognition in vertebrates: What do we really know about
adaptive value? Animal Behaviour41 : 1079 – 83.
Blaustein, A. R., M. Bekoff, and T. J. Daniels. 1987. Kin recogni-
tion in vertebrates (excluding primates): Mechanisms, func-
tions and future research. In Kin recognition in animals,ed.
D. J. C. Fletcher and C. D. Michener, 333 –57. New York:
Wiley.
Blaustein, A. R., and S. I. Rothstein. 1978. Multiple captures of
Reithrodontomys megalotisin Santa Barbara, California.
American Midland Naturalist100 : 376 – 83.
Blaustein, A. R., and B. Waldman. 1992. Kin recognition in anu-
ran amphibians. Animal Behaviour44 : 207–21.
Bleich, V., and O. Schwartz. 1975. Observations on the home
range of the desert woodrat, Neotoma lepida intermedia.
Journal of Mammalogy56 : 518 –19.
Blintz, G. L. 1984. Water balance, water stress, and seasonal
torpor in ground-dwelling sciurids. In The biology of ground-
dwelling squirrels,ed. J. O. Murie and G. R. Michener,
142 – 65. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Blondel, J., P. Perret, M.-C. Anstett, and C. Thébaud. 2002. Evo-
lution of sexual size dimorphism in birds: Test of hypotheses
using blue tits in contrasted Mediterranean habitats. Journal
of Evolutionary Biology15 : 440 –50.
Blouin, S. F., and M. Blouin. 1988. Inbreeding avoidance behav-
iors. Trends in Ecology and Evolution3 : 230 –33.
Blumstein, D. T. 1993. Infanticide: a search for an adaptive ex-
planation. Natura—World Wide Fund for Nature—Pakistan
19 : 14 –15.
———. 1995a. Golden-marmot alarm calls: I. The production
of situationally specific vocalizations. Ethology100 : 113 –
25.
———. 1995b. Golden-marmot alarm calls: II. Asymmetrical
production and perception of situationally specific vocaliza-
tions? Ethology101 : 25 –32.
———. 1996. How much does social group size influence golden
marmot vigilance? Behaviour133 : 1133 –51.
———. 1997. Infanticide among golden marmots (Marmota cau-
data aurea). Ethology Ecology and Evolution9 : 169 –73.
———. 1998. Quantifying predation risk for refuging animals:
A case study with golden marmots. Ethology104 : 501–16.
———. 1999a. Alarm calling in three species of marmots. Be-
haviour136 : 731–57.
———. 1999b. The evolution of functionally referential alarm
communication: Multiple adaptations; multiple constraints.
Evolution of Communication3 : 135 – 47.
———. 2000. The evolution of infanticide in rodents: A compar-
ative analysis. In Infanticide by males and its implications,ed.
C. P. Van Schaick and C. H. Jason, 178 – 97. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
———. 2003. Social complexity but not the acoustic environ-
ment is responsible for the evolution of complex alarm com-
munication. In Adaptative strategies and diversity in mar-
mots,ed. R. Ramousse, D. Allainé, and M. Le Berre, 41– 49.
Lyon: International Marmot Network.
Blumstein, D. T., and K. B. Armitage. 1997a. Alarm calling inReferences 499