Further evidence of sex-biased maternal investment by
Mongolian gerbil dams. Animal Behaviour42 : 161– 62.
Clark, T. W. 1970. Early growth, development, and behavior of
the Richardson ground squirrel (Spermophilus richardsoni
elegans). American Midland Naturalist83 : 197–205.
———. 1989. Conservation biology of the black-footed ferret,
Mustela nigripes. Special Scientific Report, no. 3. Phildael-
phia: Wildlife Preservation Trust International.
Clark, T. W., T. M. Campbell, D. G. Socha, and D. E. Casey.
- Prairie dog colony attributes and associated vertebrate
species. Great Basin Naturalist42 : 572 – 82.
Clarke, F. M., and C. G. Faulkes. 1999. Kin discrimination and
female mate choice in the naked mole-rat Heterocephalus
glaber. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B
266 : 1995 –2002.
Clarke, J. R., and F. V. Clulow. 1973. The effect of successive
matings upon bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) and field
vole (Microtus agrestis) ovaries. In The development and mat-
uration of the ovary and its functions,ed. H. Peters, 160 –70.
Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica.
Clayton, D. H. 1991. The influence of parasites on host sexual
selection. Parasitology Today7 : 329 –34.
Clinchy, M., D. T. Haydon, and A. T. Smith. 2002. Pattern does
not equal process: What does patch occupancy really tell us
about metapopulation dynamics? American Naturalist159 :
351– 62.
Clinchy, M., C. J. Krebs, and P. J. Jarman. 2001. Dispersal sinks
and handling effects: Interpreting the role of immigration in
common brushtail possum populations. Journal of Animal
Ecology70 : 515 –526.
Clobert, J., E. Danchin, A. A. Dhondt, and J. D. Nichols (eds). - Dispersal.Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cloudsley-Thompson, J. L. 1975. The desert as habitat. In Ro-
dents in desert environments,ed. I. Prakash and P. K. Ghosh,
1–13. The Hague: Junk.
Clough, G. C. 1972. Biology of the Bahaman hutia, Geocapro-
mys ingrahami. Journal of Mammalogy53 : 807–23.
———. 1974. Additional notes on the biology of the Bahamian
hutia, Geocapromys ingrahami. Journal of Mammalogy55 :
670 –72.
Clulow, F. V., and J. R. Clarke. 1968. Pregnancy block in Mi-
crotus agrestisan induced ovulator. Nature, London219 :
Clulow, F. V., and P. E. Langford. 1971. Pregnancy-block in the
meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus. Journal of Reproduc-
tion and Fertility24 : 275 –77.
Clulow, F. V., and F. F. Mallory. 1974. Ovaries of meadow voles,
Microtus pennsylvanicus,after copulation with a series of
males. Canadian Journal of Zoology52 : 265 – 67.
Clutton-Brock, T. H. 1989a. Female transfer and inbreeding
avoidance in social mammals. Nature337 : 70 –72.
———. 1989b. Mammalian mating systems. Proceedings of the
Royal Society of London, Series B236 : 339 –72.
———. 1991. The evolution of parental care.Princeton, NJ:
Princeton University Press.
———. 1998a. Reproductive skew, concessions and limited con-
trol. Trends in Ecology and Evolution13 : 288 – 92.
———. 1998b. Reproductive skew: Disentangling concessions
from control— reply. Trends in Ecology and Evolution
13 : 459.
Clutton-Brock, T. H., and S. D. Albon. 1979. The roaring of red
deer and the evolution of honest advertisement. Behaviour
69 : 145 –70.
Clutton-Brock, T. H., S. D. Albon, R. M. Gibson, and F. E. Guin-
ness. 1979. The logical stag: Adaptive aspects of fighting
in red deer (Cervus elaphusL.). Animal Behaviour27 :
211–25.
Clutton-Brock, T. H., S. D. Albon, and F. E. Guiness. 1982.
Competition between female relatives in a matrilocal mam-
mal. Nature300 : 178 – 80.
———. 1985. Parental investment and sex differences in juvenile
mortality in birds and mammals. Nature313 : 131–33.
———. 1986. Great expectations: Dominance, breeding success
and offspring sex ratios in red deer. Animal Behaviour34 :
460 –71.
———. 1988. Reproductive success in male and female red deer.
In Reproductive success,ed. T. H. Clutton-Brock, 325 – 43.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
———. 1989. Fitness costs of gestation and lactation in wild
mammals. Nature337 : 260 – 62.
Clutton-Brock, T. H., P. N. M. Brotherton, R. Smith, G. M. McIl-
rath, R. Kansky, D. Gaynor, M. J. O’Riain, and J. D. Skinner.
- Infanticide and expulsion of females in a cooperative
mammal.Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B
265 : 2291– 95.
Clutton-Brock, T. H., D. Gaynor, R. Kansky, A. D. C. MacColl,
G. McIlrath, P. Chadwick, P. N. M. Brotherton, J. M. O’Ri-
ain, M. Manser, and J. D. Skinner. 1998. Costs of cooperative
behaviour in suricates (Suricata suricatta). Proceedings of the
Royal Society of London, Series B265 : 185 – 90.
Clutton-Brock, T. H., and G. R. Iason. 1986. Sex ratio variation
in mammals. Quarterly Review of Biology61 : 339 –74.
Clutton-Brock, T. H., and G. A. Parker. 1992. Potential repro-
ductive rates and the operation of sexual selection. The Quar-
terly Review of Biology67 : 437–56.
Cockburn, A. 1988. Social behaviour in fluctuating populations.
London: Croom Helm.
Cockburn, A., S. Legge, and M. C. Double. 2002. Sex ratios in
birds and mammals: Can the hypotheses be disentangled? In
Sex ratios: Concepts and research methods,ed. I. C. W.
Hardy, 266 – 86. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cockburn, A., M. P. Scott, and C. R. Dickman. 1985. Sex ratio
and intrasexual kin competition in mammals. Oecologia66 :
427–29.
Cockerham, C. C. 1967. Group inbreeding and coancestry.
Genetics56 : 89 –104.
———. 1969. Variance of gene frequencies.Evolution23 : 72 –
———. 1973. Analyses of gene frequencies. Genetics74 : 679 –
Cohen-Salmon, C. 1987. Differences in patterns of pup care in
Mus musculus domesticus. VIII. Effects of previous experience
and parity in XLII inbred mice. Physiology and Behavior40 :
177– 80.
Cole, J. R., and J. C. Z. Woinarski. 2000. Rodents of the arid
Northern Territory: Conservation status and distribution.
Wildlife Research27 : 437– 49.
Collett, T. S., B. A. Cartwright, and B. A. Smith. 1986. Land-
mark learning and visuo-spatial memories in gerbils Meriones
unguiculatus. Journal of Comparative Physiology A158 :
835 –51.
Collins, R. L. 1988. Observational learning of a left-right behav-
References 509