Holmes, W. G. 1977. Cannibalism in the arctic ground squirrel
(Spermophilus parryii). Journal of Mammalogy58 : 437–38.
———. 1984a. The ecological basis of monogamy in Alaskan
hoary marmots. In The biology of ground-dwelling squirrels,
ed. J. O. Murie and G. R. Michener, 250 –74. Lincoln: Uni-
versity of Nebraska Press.
———. 1984b. Sibling recognition in thirteen-lined ground
squirrels: Effects of genetic relatedness, rearing association,
and olfaction. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology14 :
225 –33.
———. 1986a. Identification of paternal half-siblings by captive
Belding’s ground squirrels. Animal Behaviour34 : 321–27.
———. 1986b. Kin recognition by phenotype matching in female
Belding’s ground squirrels. Animal Behaviour34 : 38 – 47.
———. 1990. Parent-offspring recognition in mammals: A proxi-
mate and ultimate perspective. In Mammalian parenting,ed.
N. A. Krasnegor and R. S. Bridges, 441– 60. New York:
Oxford University Press.
———. 1991. Predator risk affects foraging behaviour of pikas:
Observational and experimental evidence. Animal Behaviour
42 : 111–19.
———. 1994. The development of littermate preferences in
juvenile Belding’s ground squirrels. Animal Behaviour48 :
1071– 84.
———. 1995. The ontogeny of littermate preferences in juvenile
golden-mantled ground squirrels: Effects of rearing and relat-
edness. Animal Behaviour50 : 309 –22.
———. 2001. The development and function of nepotism: Why
kinship matters in social relationships. In Developmental Psy-
chobiology: Developmental Neurobiology and Behavioral
Ecology. Vol. 13, Handbook of Behavioral Neurobiology,
ed. E. Blass, 281–316. New York: Kluwer Academic /Plenum.
———. 2004. The early history of Hamiltonian-based research
on kin recognition. Annales Zoologici Fennici41 : 691–711.
Holmes, W. G., and P. W. Sherman. 1982. The ontogeny of kin
recognition in two species of ground squirrels. American
Zoologist22 : 491–517.
———. 1983. Kin recognition in animals. American Scientist
71 : 46 –55.
Holmgren, M., R. Avilés, L. Sierralta, A. M. Segura, and E. R.
Fuentes. 2000. Why have European herbs so successfully in-
vaded the Chilean matorral? Effects of herbivory, soil nutri-
ents, and fire. Journal of Arid Environments44 : 197–211.
Holst, D. V., and F. Eichmann. 1998. Sex-specific regulation of
marking behavior by sex hormones and conspecifics scent in
tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri). Physiology and Behavior63 :
157– 64.
Homolka, M. 1983. On the problem of the exanthropic occur-
rence of Rattus norvegicus. Folia Zoologica32 : 203 –11.
Honey, P. L., and B. G. Galef, Jr. 2004. Long-lasting effects of
rearing by an ethanol-consuming dam on ethanol consump-
tion by rats. Appetite43 : 261– 68.
Honeycutt, R. L., and R. M. Adkins. 1993. Higher level system-
atics of eutherian mammals: An assessment of molecular char-
acters and phylogenetic hypotheses. Annual Review of Ecol-
ogy and Evolution24 : 279 –305.
Honeycutt, R. L., M. W. Allard, S. V. Edwards, and D. A. Schlit-
ter. 1991. Systematics and evolution of the family Bathyergi-
dae. In The biology of the naked mole – rat,ed. P. W. Sher-
man, J. U. M. Jarvis, and R. D. Alexander, 45 – 65. Princeton,
NJ: Princeton University Press.
Honeycutt, R. L., D. L. Rowe, and M. H. Gallardo. 2003. Mo-
lecular systematics of the South American caviomorph ro-
dents: Relationships among species and genera in the family
Octodontidae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution26 :
476 – 89.
Hoogland, J. L. 1979a. Aggression, ectoparasitism, and other
possible costs of prairie dog (Sciuridae: Cynomysspp.) colo-
niality. Behaviour69 : 1–35.
———. 1979b. The effect of colony size on individual alertness
of prairie dogs (Sciuridae; Cynomysspp.). Animal Behaviour
27 : 394 – 407.
———. 1981. The evolution of coloniality in white-tailed prairie
dog and black-tailed prairie dogs (Sciuridae: Cynomys leucu-
rusand Cynomys ludovicianus). Ecology62 : 252 –72.
———. 1982. Prairie dogs avoid extreme inbreeding. Science
215 : 1639 – 41.
———. 1983. Nepotism and alarm calling in the black-tailed
prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus). Animal Behaviour
31 : 472 –79.
———. 1985. Infanticide in prairie dogs: Lactating females kill
offspring of close kin. Science230 : 1037– 40.
———. 1986. Nepotism in prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)
varies with competition but not with kinship. Animal Behav-
iour34 : 263 –70.
———. 1992. Levels of inbreeding among prairie dogs. Ameri-
can Naturalist139 : 591– 602.
———. 1995. The black-tailed prairie dog: Social life of a bur-
rowing mammal.Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
———. 1996a. The black-tailed prairie dog. Mammalian Species
535 : 1–10.
———. 1996b. Why do Gunnison’s prairie dogs give antipreda-
tor calls? Animal Behaviour51 : 871– 80.
———. 1997. Duration of gestation and lactation for Gunnison’s
prairie dogs. Journal of Mammalogy78 : 173 – 80.
———. 1998a. Estrus and copulation among Gunnison’s prairie
dogs. Journal of Mammalogy79 : 887– 97.
———. 1998b. Why do female Gunnison’s prairie dogs copulate
with more than one male? Animal Behaviour55 : 351–59.
———. 1999. Philopatry, dispersal, and social organization of
Gunnison’s prairie dogs. Journal of Mammalogy80 : 243 –51.
———. 2001. Black-tailed, Gunnison’s, and Utah prairie dogs all
reproduce slowly. Journal of Mammalogy82 : 917–27.
Hoogland, J. L. 2003a. Black-tailed prairie dog. In Wild mam-
mals of North America,ed. G. A. Feldhamer, B. C. Thomp-
son, and J. A. Chapman, 232 – 47. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
University Press.
Hoogland, J. L. 2003b. Sexual dimorphism in five species of prai-
rie dogs. Journal of Mammalogy84 : 1254 – 66.
Hoogland, J. L. 2006. Saving prairie dogs: Can we? Should we?
In Conservation of the black-tailed prairie dog,ed. J. L.
Hoogland, 261– 66. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Hoogland, J. L., M. A. Hoogland, S. Davis, D. Kaulfus, and D.
LaBruna. 2004. Pyraperm halts plague among Utah prairie
dogs. Southwestern Naturalist49 : 376 – 83.
Hoogland, J. L., and P. W. Sherman. 1976. Advantages and
disadvantages of bank swallow (Riparia riparia) coloniality.
Ecological Monographs46 : 33 –58.
Hoogland, J. L., R. H. Tamarin, and C. K. Levy. 1989. Commu-
nal nursing in prairie dogs. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiol-
ogy 24 : 91– 95.
Hooper, E. T., and G. G. Musser. 1964. The glans penis in
Neotropical cricetines (family Muridae), with comments on
classification of muroid rodents. Miscellaneous Publications
of the Museum of Zoology of the University of Michigan
123 : 1–57.534 References