place preference: Effects of quinpirole and preclamol. Phar-
macology Biochemistry and Behavior54 : 371–75.
Kivett, V. K., J. O. Murie, and A. L. Steiner. 1976. A compara-
tive study of scent-gland location and related behavior in
some northwestern neararctic ground squirrel species
(Sciuridae): An evolutionary approach. Canadian Journal
of Zoology54 : 1294 –1306.
Kiwia, H.Y.D. 1989. Ranging patterns of the black rhinoceros
(Diceros bicornis L.)in Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania.
African Journal of Ecology27 : 305 –12.
Klauer, G., H. Burda, and E. Nevo. 1997. Adaptive differentia-
tions of the skin of the head in a subterranean rodent, Spalax
ehrenbergi. Journal of Morphology233 : 53 – 66.
Kleiman, D. 1966. Scent marking in the Canidae. Symposium of
the Zoological Society of London18 : 167–77.
Kleiman, D. G. 1970. Reproduction in the female green acouchi,
Myoprocta prattiPocock. Journal of Reproduction and Fertil-
ity23 : 55 – 65.
———. 1972. Maternal behaviour of the green acouchi (My-
oprocta prattiPocock), a South American caviomorph rodent.
Behaviour43 : 48 – 84.
———. 1974. Patterns of behaviour in hystricomorph rodents.
In The biology of the hystricomorph rodents,ed. I. W. Row-
lands and B. J. Weir, 171–209. Symposium of the Zoological
Society of London 34. London: Academic Press.
———. 1977. Monogamy in mammals. The Quarterly Review
of Biology52 : 39 – 69.
———. 1981. Correlations among life history characteristics of
mammalian species exhibiting two extreme forms of monog-
amy. In Natural selection and social behavior,ed. R. D.
Alexander and D. W. Tinkle, 332 – 44. Oxford: Blackwell
Scientific.
Kleiman, D. G., J. F. Eisenberg, and E. Maliniak. 1979. Repro-
ductive parameters and productivity of caviomorph rodents.
In Vertebrate ecology in the northern neotropics,ed. J. F.
Eisenberg, 173 – 83. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution
Press.
Kleiman, D. G., and J. R. Malcolm. 1981. The evolution of male
parental investment in mammals. In Parental care in mam-
mals,ed. D. J. Gubernick and P. H. Klopfer, 347– 87. New
York: Plenum.
Klein, J. 1986. Natural history of the histocompatibility com-
plex.New York: Wiley.
Klein, S. L., H. R. Gamble, and R. J. Nelson. 1999. Trichinella
spiralisinfection in voles alters female odor preference but
not partner preference. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
45 : 323 –29.
Kleinschmidt, T., E. Nevo, M. Goodman, and G. Braunitzer.
- Mole rat hemoglobin: Primary structure and evolution-
ary aspects in a second karyotype of Spalax ehrenbergi,
Rodentia,(2n52). Biological Chemistry366 : 679 – 85.
Kling, A. S., and L. A. Brothers. 1992. The amygdala and social
behavior. In The amygdala: Neurobiological aspects of emo-
tion, memory, and mental dysfunction,ed. J. P. Aggleton,
353 –77. New York: Wiley-Liss.
Klump, G. M., E. Kretzschmar, and E. Curio. 1986. The hearing
of an avian predator and its avian prey. Behavioral Ecology
and Sociobiology18 : 317–23.
Klump, G. M., and M. D. Shalter. 1984. Acoustic behaviour of
birds and mammals in the predator context. I. Factors affect-
ing the structure of alarm signals. II. The functional signifi-
cance and evolution of alarm signals. Zeitschrift für Tierpsy-
chologie66 : 189 –226.
Knopf, F. L., and D. F. Balph. 1969. Badgers plug burrows to
confine prey. Journal of Mammalogy50 : 635 –36.
Knopf, J. L., J. F. Gallagher, and W. A. Held. 1983. Differential
multihormonal regulation of the mouse major urinary
protein gene family in the liver. Molecular and Cell Biology
3 : 2232 – 40.
Knowles, C. J. 1985. Observations on prairie dog dispersal in
Montana. The Prairie Naturalist17 : 33 – 40.
———. 1986a. Population recovery of black-tailed prairie dogs
following control with zinc phosphide. Journal of Range
Management39 : 249 –50.
———. 1986b. Some relationships of black-tailed prairie dogs to
livestock grazing. Great Basin Naturalist46 : 198 –203.
———. 1987. Reproductive ecology of black-tailed prairie dogs
in Montana. Great Basin Naturalist47 : 202 – 6.
Knowles, C. J., and P. R. Knowles. 1984. Additional records of
mountain plovers using prairie dog towns in Montana. Prairie
Naturalist16 : 183 – 86.
Knowles, C. J, C. J. Stoner, and S. P. Gieb. 1982. Selective use of
black-tailed prairie dog towns by mountain plovers. Condor
84 : 71–74.
Kobayashi, T., and M. Watanabe. 1986. An analysis of snake-
scent application behaviour in Siberian chipmunks (Eutamias
sibiricus asiaticus). Ethology72 : 40 –52.
Koenig, W. D., and J. L. Dickinson, eds. 2004. Ecology and
evolution of cooperative breeding in birds.Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Koenig, W. D., and F. A. Pitelka. 1981. Ecological factors and
kin selection in the evolution of cooperative breeding in birds.
In Natural selection and social behavior,ed. R. D. Alexander
and D. W. Tinkle, 261– 80. New York: Chiron.
Koenig, W. D., F. A. Pitelka, W. J. Carmen, R. L. Mumme, and
M. T. Stanback. 1992. The evolution of delayed dispersal
in cooperative breeders. Quarterly Review of Biology67 :
111–50.
Koeppl, J. W., and R. S. Hoffmann. 1981. Comparative postnatal
growth of four ground squirrel species. Journal of Mammal-
ogy62 : 41–57.
Koeppl, J. W., R. S. Hoffmann, and C. F. Nadler. 1978. Pattern
analysis of acoustical behavior in four species of ground
squirrels. Journal of Mammalogy59 : 677– 96.
Koford, C. B. 1958. Prairie dogs, whitefaces, and blue grama.
Wildlife Monographs3 : 1–78.
Koford, R. R. 1982. Mating system of a territorial tree squirrel
(Tamiasciurus douglasii) in California. Journal of Mammal-
ogy63 : 274 – 83.
Kogan, J. H., P. W. Frankland, J. A. Blendy, J. Coblentz,
Z. Marowitz, G. Shutz, and A. J. Silva. 1997. Spaced training
induces normal long-term memory in CREB muutant mice.
Current Biology7 : 1–16.
Kohli, K. L., and M. H. Ferkin. 1999. Over-marking and adja-
cent marking are influenced by sibship in male prairie voles,
Microtus ochrogaster. Ethology105 : 1–11.
Koivisto, E., and J. Pusenius. 2003. Effects of temporal variation
in the risk of predation by least weasel (Mustela nivalis) on
feeding behaviour of field vole (Microtus agrestis). Evolution-
ary Ecology17 : 477– 89.
Koivula, M., and E. Korpimäki. 2001. Do scent marks increase
predation risk of microtine rodents? Oikos95 : 275 – 81.
Koivula, M., E. Koskela, and J. Viitala. 1999. Sex and age-
specific differences in ultraviolet reflectance of scent marks of
bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus). Journal of Compara-
tive Physiology185 : 561– 64.542 References