50 3 Research Method
and avoiding false findings but also increases the chance of getting genuinely new
results (Eisenhardt 1989).
3.2.4 Conclusions
The last step of the process is shaping conclusions, where the researcher shapes his
conclusions by replicating findings across cases. The objective of this phase is to
confirm, sharpen and extend theory. To increase the internal validity (which has
been explained in more detail in chapter 3.1.2), comparisons with existing literature
are required until further improvements are only marginal and a theoretical sat-
uration is reached (Eisenhardt 1989). This step consists of three activities: shaping
propositions, comparing findings and finalizing conclusions.
3.2.4.1 Shape Propositions, Compare Findings and
Finalize Conclusions
As a result from the within and cross case analysis in this step, propositions are
developed to answer the research questions. The purpose of the comparison with
existing literature is to be able to identify similarities and contradictions as well
as reasons for potential differences. Especially important in this step is to look at
a broad range of literature and to include publications contradicting as well as
confirming the new findings. By doing so, internal validity, generalizability and
the theoretical level of the new conclusions are enhanced (Eisenhardt 1989). The
results of comparing findings with existing literature can be found in chapter 5.