Astronomy

ASTRONEWS

Hybrid

569

4.8%

Partial

4,

35.3%

Annular

3,

33.2%

Total

3,

26.7%

FAST

FAC T

A hybrid

eclipse is

annular

along some

of its path

and total

along the

rest.

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WWW.ASTRONOMY.COM 17
WHAT TYPE OF ECLIPSE
CAN WE EXPECT?
25 years ago
in Astronomy
Astronomy’s December
1990 issue outlined the
NASA/European Space
Agency (ESA) joint Cassini-
Huygens Saturn mission,
as well as the Comet
Rendezvous Asteroid
Flyby (CRAF). Cassini’s suc-
cessful four-year mission
has lasted 11 years and
will end in 2017. CRAF fell
victim to congressional
funding priorities, but
subsequent spacecraft,
including ESA’s Rosetta
mission, eventually
accomplished its goals.
10 years ago
in Astronomy
For the December 2005
issue, Senior Editor
Richard Talcott teamed
up with master space art-
ist Adolf Schaller to pro-
duce an illustrated spread
titled “A comet’s tale.”
The two-page infographic
outlined astronomers’
best understandings of
comets and their impacts
on earthly life, including
the possibility of supply-
ing the ingredients for
RNA and DNA — a role
ESA’s Rosetta mission
confirmed in July. — E. B.
Changes in our Sun’s activity
levels can’t explain Earth’s cur-
rent climate change, according to
a corrected history of sunspots
announced at the International
Astronomical Union meeting in
Hawaii on August 7.
The Sunspot Number is the
longest ongoing science experi-
ment in the world and is used
as a crucial tool for understand-
ing our Sun’s activity, as well
as Earth’s climate. Its history
includes the Maunder minimum,
a period between 1645 and 1715
where the Sun had a strong drop
in sunspot activity that coincided
with harsh winters.
But in the years since that low,
scientists have generally agreed
that sunspots have increased,
even though some disagreed
about what that implied.
However, astronomers have
now released Sunspot Number
Version 2.0, which found a signifi-
cantly different sunspot count
between 1885 and 1945. The
international team of astrono-
mers said the previous count
contained a major calibration
error that misled some theorists.
The group says climate evolu-
tion models now need to be
recalibrated using the updated
information. — E. B.
Sunspots can’t explain
ongoing climate change
21
The number of ultra
high-energy detec-
tions by the IceCube
observatory, confirm-
ing the existence of
neutrinos from our
galaxy and beyond.
SOLAR SURVEY.
In the 5,000 years
from 2,000 B.C.
to A.D. 3,000, an
astounding 11,
solar eclipses will
occur. This chart
shows how many of
each type Earth will
experience. ASTRONOMY:
MICHAEL E. BAKICH/ROEN KELLY;
MIKE REYNOLDS (ECLIPSE)
COUNTING SUNSPOTS. NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory caught this
nearly 80,000-mile-wide (130,000 kilometers) sunspot in 2014 during a high
point of the recent solar cycle. NASA/SDO