EXPLORE | THE BIG IDEA
probably fewer than two dozen tables, and every seat
was occupied not with friends or drinking buddies
but with families. Teenagers bantered with grand-
parents, and a boy barely out of diapers lunged for a
plate of french fries. At one table, a mother measured
out a few ounces of soda for a child while talking
with a woman who appeared to be her mother. At
the tables, in other words, were intergenerational
families—something I usually see in the United
States only in immigrant communities.I REMEMBER HOW A FRIEND raised in southwestern
Ohio once described her childhood: surrounded by
cousins and aunts and grandparents, in a close-
knit tribe of Black folks who loved, and frequently
gathered at, the large tract of land on which her
great-great-grandparents had built the family home.
As I listened to her, I almost said, It sounds like
you grew up Latino. But I held my tongue, as I had
moved only recently to the Midwest for a university
teaching job and knew nothing of the region.
My immigrant family had never lived west of the
Hackensack River in northern New Jersey. They had
embarked upon one enormous migration in the 1960s
and ’70s—my mother and three aunties from Colom-
bia, my father from Cuba, an uncle from Peru—and
upon arrival in the Garden State, they stopped. For
them, the map of the United States ended just beyond
where we lived. They never ventured into the Mid-
west, because every penny went toward the mort-
gage. And when my parents moved in their 60s to
South Florida, they again settled in a working-class,
mostly Spanish-speaking neighborhood.
When I ended up in Ohio, then, I began report-
ing on the Midwest, for my parents, my aunties—
myself. I would tell my mother how my white stu-
dents grew up in small towns here that once revolved
around agriculture, and although none of the relatives
now worked on farms, the families stayed: three
generations, sometimes more, within a few blocks
of one another, and church together every Sunday.
The same was true for my Black neighbors. They
had been here for generations. One grandfather came
to mow the lawn every week and see his grandchil-
dren. The youngsters who flocked to multiple houses
on our street were not friends but cousins. As one
mother explained to me, “My sister and I take turns.
I get all of them this weekend, so she gets a break.”
My neighbor hauled her children to barbecues
and my students wrote about their hometowns,
and I remembered my own extended Latinx family
in Jersey and how none of us left the house alone.THE IMAGE OF FLIGHT IS SO DOMINANT
THAT I HAD FORGOTTEN ITS OPPOSITE: PEOPLE
STAY IN THE MIDWEST. THEY VALUE HAVING
THEIR GRANDPARENTS CLOSE BY, THE COUSINS
DOWN THE BLOCK OR ACROSS TOWN.
We had one car, and into it we packed everyone:
my sister and me, the aunties, the uncles, and if
my abuela had been in the States, she would have
been squeezed in too. We descended on local parks
and house parties, one tiny tornado of a family, the
Spanish bursting around us. Like my students and
my neighbors’ children, I spent summers playing
tag, inventing stories, and listening to the women
gossip. Our lives were insular, the kind of lives easily
mocked in independent films and comedy skits, but
they were family oriented.
This deep attachment to family in the Midwest sur-
prised me, because by the time I moved here, I knew
that the picture of the region offered in headlines was
one of departures. People have been fleeing small
towns in this part of the country for decades, seek-
ing the jobs and connections large cities can offer.
The image of flight is so dominant that I had for-
gotten its opposite: People stay in the Midwest. They
value having their grandparents close by, the cousins
down the block or across town, the old high school
friends nearby. They have a relationship with the
land and small towns and each other that is compli-
cated and that those of us who are outsiders fail to
appreciate. It is a region of the country experiencing
another change now that the COVID-19 pandemic
has brought back some of those who once left, as
well as those who want to escape city life with all
its proximities.MAYBE IT IS THIS TENSION—the departures, the
returns, the decision to stay, a constant reference
to migration—that also makes the Midwest famil iar
to me. My students are acutely aware of what the
region offers them and how it fails them. It’s the same
way that my parents and their immigrant friends
talk about Latin America. No one ever wanted to
leave home. There were always stories about the
brother who chose to stay in Colombia, the cousin
who didn’t get out of Cuba in time. And there was
always talk about work. They left for work. They came
for work. Now I read those stories, but they’re from
my students about Ohio, Michigan, and Wisconsin.
In the creative nonfiction classes I teach, students
writing about home often pen essays about small
towns that were promised bright futures when oil
and gas companies arrived with jobs in fracking. A
decade later, people in the Ohio Valley have seen
jobs, incomes, and even population numbers drop,
but the students do not write about statistics. They
tell of how fracking changed the color of the skies.
They write about fathers who toil in warehouses. One16 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC