Invasive Stink Bugs and Related Species (Pentatomoidea)

510 Invasive Stink Bugs and Related Species (Pentatomoidea)

demonstrate the qualitative PhPR of insects to day length: each individual responds in an “All or None”
(i.e., “Yes or No”) manner by choosing one of two alternative pathways: in the case of adult diapause –
diapause or direct development (i.e., reproduction).
However, there are examples when the PhPR controls quantitative parameters such as duration of a
particular stage, size, or degree of body pigmentation; in such cases, it is called the quantitative PhPR
(Tyshchenko 1977, Zaslavski 1988, Numata and Kobayashi 1994, Musolin and Saulich 1997). Figure 11.3
demonstrates a typical example of such a response. Females of the black rice bug, Scotinophara lurida,
were reared from eggs to adults at 25°C under a long-day photoperiod L:D 16:8. Upon emergence, they were
transferred to one of five short-day and long-day photoperiods and four temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30°C)
to determine the PhPR, using the Days of first oviposition (DFO) as a criterion of the response (Cho et al.
2008). Under the three higher temperatures, there generally was a decreasing DFO in response to increasing
day length, clearly demonstrating the quantitative nature of the PhPR; there was little or no response at 15°C.

100

50

0

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Photoperiod, h

Incidence of diapause,

%

FIGURE 11.2 Photoperiodic responses of winter adult diapause induction in females of pentatomids Plautia stali (open
circles) and Aelia fieberi (close circles) from Osaka area, Japan (34.7°N). Adults were reared from eggs and then main-
tained at 25°C under photoperiod indicated on the horizontal axis. (Modified from H. Numata and K. Nakamura, European
Journal of Entomology 99: 155–161, 2002, with permission.)

>170

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

8910

30°C

25°C

20°C

15°C

11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Photoperiod, h

Da

ys

requir

ed

until first ovip

osition

FIGURE 11.3 Effect of photoperiod and temperature on duration of the preoviposition period (i.e., days required until
first oviposition) in females of the black rice bug, Scotinophara lurida, from Daesan, Korea (37°N). Females were reared
from eggs to adults at 25°C under a photoperiod L:D 16:8 and upon emergence, adults were transferred to various experi-
mental conditions (photoperiod is indicated on the horizontal axis, temperature is indicated next to the curves). (Data from
J. R. Cho, M. Lee, H. S. Kim, and K. S. Boo, Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 11: 53–57, 2008, with permission.)