643

14

Symbiotic Microorganisms Associated

with Pentatomoidea

Yoshitomo Kikuchi, Simone S. Prado, and Tracie M. Jenkins

CONTENTS

14.1 Microbial Symbiosis in Pentatomomorphan Insects: An Overview ............................................ 644
14.1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 644
14.1.2 Microbial Symbiosis in Insects ....................................................................................... 644
14.1.3 Microbial Symbiosis in Pentatomorphan Insects ............................................................ 645
14.1.3.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 645
14.1.3.2 Symbiotic Organ: Midgut Crypts, M3 Bulb, and Bacteriocytes ..................... 654
14.1.3.3 Phylogenetic Diversity of Symbiotic Bacteria ................................................. 654
14.1.3.4 Transmission Mechanism of Symbiotic Bacteria ............................................ 656
14.1.3.5 Biological Functions of Symbiotic Bacteria .................................................... 657
14.1.3.6 Symbiont Genome ............................................................................................ 657
14.2 Symbiosis in the Southern Green Stink Bug, Nezara viridula .................................................... 659
14.2.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 659
14.2.2 Fitness Effect of Symbiotic Bacteria ............................................................................... 659
14.2.3 Effect of High Temperature on Pentatomid Symbiosis ................................................... 660
14.2.4 Symbiotic Associations in Allied Pentatomids ................................................................ 661
14.3 From Eastern Hemisphere to Western Hemisphere: Candidatus Ishikawaella Capsulata
and Its Plataspid Host .................................................................................................................... 661
14.3.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 661
14.3.2 Genetic Baseline .............................................................................................................. 662
14.3.2.1 Vertical Transmission in Symbiont Capsules .................................................. 662
14.3.2.2 Ishikawaella, Insect Development and Pest Status .......................................... 663
14.3.2.3 Genome Evolution ............................................................................................ 663
14.3.3 Invasion of Megacopta cribraria .................................................................................... 664
14.3.3.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 664
14.3.3.2 Ishikawaella Genome in the Western Hemisphere .......................................... 664
14.3.3.3 Genomic Landscape ......................................................................................... 665
14.3.4 Hypotheses from a Natural Laboratory Experiment ....................................................... 665
14.4 Facultative Symbionts in the Pentatomomorpha .......................................................................... 666
14.5 Concluding Remarks .................................................................................................................... 666
14.6 Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................ 667
14.7 References Cited........................................................................................................................... 667