Lawrence H. Schiffman
evening. Thereafter it is considered notar, that which has been left over be
yond the time before which it must be eaten, and must be burned.
According to Jubilees, the Passover sacrifice must be eaten in the sanc
tuary, in the "court of the house which has been sanctified" (w. 16-20). Only
those over the age of twenty are to eat of the paschal lamb, and eating is
probably limited to males (v. 17). This sacrifice may not be made in any other
cities, only at the tabernacle or at the temple. In v. 22 there begins the com
mand of the Festival of Unleavened Bread (cf. Lev 23:6). It is to be a seven-
day festival. Each day a sacrifice is to be brought (v. 22).^49
Temple Scroll 17:6-16 describes the Passover celebrations.^50 The Temple
Scroll requires that the paschal offering be sacrificed before the evening sacri
fice (miniiat ha-'erev). This is in opposition to Tannaitic halakah, which re
quires that the minuah be offered before the paschal lamb. On this matter, the
Temple Scroll and Jubilees may agree since Jubilees requires the offering in the
last third of the day, i.e., after 2:00 P.M., and we know that the minuahwzs nor
mally offered at about 3:30. On the other hand, it is possible that Jubilees, like
the Tannaitic tradition,^51 expected that in order to accommodate the paschal
offering, the daily tamid sacrifice was offered early on the fourteenth of Nisan.
Like the book of Jubilees, the Temple Scroll requires that the paschal
lamb be eaten only by those above twenty. Yadin suggests that this ruling is
based on the interpretation of Exod 30:14, and Num 1:2-3, as weU as Exod
12:6.^52 According to the (almost definite) restoration of Qimron, only males
are included in the commandment.^53
There is a major difference concerning the time of eating of the pas
chal lamb. Jubilees requires that the offering be eaten by 10:00 P.M., the end
of a third of the night. Although the Torah allowed the paschal sacrifice to be
eaten until the morning (Exod 12:10), the Tannaim required that it be eaten
before midnight, "in order to separate a person from the possibility of trans
gression."^54 The Temple Scroll allows it to be eaten all night, or at least, no
mention is made of any other ruling.
- J. C. VanderKam, The Book of Jubilees, CSCO 511, Scriptores Aethiopici 88
(Louvain: Peeters, 1989), 324. - Yadin, The Temple Scroll, 1:96-99; 2:72-75.
- m. Pesahim 5:1.
- Yadin, The Temple Scroll, 1:96.
- Qimron, The Temple Scroll, 27.
- m. Berakhot 1:1, according to the reading of the Talmud Yerushalmi and Mekhilta'
of R. Ishmael Bo 6. Cf. Albeck, "Hashlamot ve-Tosafot, Zera'im," Shishah Sidre Mishnah, 6
vols. (Jerusalem: Bialik Institute; Tel Aviv: Dvir, 1954), 1:326.